Ngaba ujonge enye indlela ye-neonicotinoid zinambuzane?U-Alejandro Calixto, umlawuli weNkqubo yoLawulo lweZitshabalalisi eDityanisiweyo yeYunivesithi yaseCornell, wabelane ngengqiqo ethile ngexesha lokhenketho lwezityalo zasehlotyeni lwakutsha nje olubanjwe nguMbutho waBalimi beCorn kunye neSoybean Growers eRodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane luyinkqubo esekelwe kwisayensi ejolise ekukhuselweni kwexesha elide lokwenzeka kwezinambuzane okanye umonakalo ngokudibanisa amaqhinga," kusho uCalixto.
Uyijonga ifama njengenkqubo yendalo edityaniswe nokusingqongileyo, indawo nganye inefuthe kwenye.Kodwa oku ayisosisombululo esikhawulezayo.
Ukujongana neengxaki zezinambuzane ngolawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane kuthatha ixesha, watsho.Yakuba isonjululwe ingxaki ethile, umsebenzi awupheli.
Yintoni IPM?Oku kunokubandakanya izenzo zezolimo, imfuzo, ulawulo lweekhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji, kunye nolawulo lwendawo yokuhlala.Inkqubo iqala ngokuchonga izitshabalalisi, ukubeka esweni kunye nokuqikelela ezo zinambuzane, ukukhetha isicwangciso se-IPM, nokuvavanya iziphumo zala manyathelo.
UCalixto wababiza abantu be-IPM awayesebenza nabo, baza baseka iqela elifana ne-SWAT elalisilwa nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nezihluma zombona.
"Ziyinkqubo yendalo, zithathwa zizicubu zezityalo kwaye zihamba nge-vascular system," kusho uCalixto.“Zinyibilika emanzini kwaye xa zigalelwe emhlabeni zifunxwa zizityalo.Ezi zezona zibulali-zinambuzane zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ehlabathini, zijolise kuthotho lwezinambuzane ezibalulekileyo.”
Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwaba yimpikiswano, kwaye i-neonicotinoids yelizwe inokungabikho semthethweni kungekudala eNew York.Ngaphambili kweli hlotyeni, iNdlu kunye neSenethi yapasisa into ebizwa ngokuba yiBirds and Bees Protection Act, eya kuthi ivale ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwembewu ye-neon-coated kurhulumente.Urhuluneli uKathy Hochul akakatyikityi ibhili, kwaye akukacaci ukuba uyakukwenza nini oko.
Impethu yombona ngokwayo sisitshabalalisi esinenkani kuba siwela ubusika ngokulula.Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, iimpukane ezindala ziyavela kwaye zizala.Iimazi zibeka amaqanda emhlabeni, zikhetha indawo “eyintandokazi”, njengomhlaba onezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, amasimi avundiswe ngumgquba okanye izityalo zokugquma, okanye apho kukhuliswe imifuno ethile.Amantshontsho atya imbewu esandul’ ukuntshula, kuquka umbona neembotyi zesoya.
Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa “kwemigibe encangathi eblue” efama.Idatha yangaphambili asebenza kuyo nengcali yezityalo yaseCornell Extension uMike Stanyard ucebisa umbala wemigibe ubalulekile.
Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseCornell bajonga amasimi kwiifama ezingama-61 ngobukho bombona.Idatha ibonise ukuba inani lilonke lembewu yombona egrubs kwitrap ye-blue cutworm yayisondele kuma-500, ngelixa inani lilonke lamagaqa ombona wembewu kwitrap zemibungu etyheli ye-fall armyworm lalingaphezu nje kwe-100.
Enye indlela ethembisayo ye-neon kukubeka izithiyo ezithiyelweyo emasimini.UCalixto uthe izigaqa zombona wembewu zitsalwa ngokukodwa kwi-alfalfa ebilisiweyo, ebiyeyona ndlela ingcono kunezinye izithiyelo ezivavanyiweyo (intsalela yealfalfa, ukutya kwamathambo, ukutya kwentlanzi, umgquba wobisi olulwelo, ukutya kwenyama kunye nezinto ezinomtsalane ezenziweyo)..
Ukuqikelela ukuba ziza kuvela nini iimpethu zombona kunganceda abalimi abanolwazi malunga nolawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo bacwangcise ngcono impendulo yabo.IYunivesithi yaseCornell iphuhlise isixhobo sokuxela impethu yembewu—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—ekuvavanyo lwe-beta ngoku.
"Oku kunceda ukuqikelela ukuba ngaba ufuna uku-odola imbewu enyangwayo ekwindla," utshilo uCalixto.
Olunye unyango lwembewu yimbewu enyangwa nge-methyl jasmonate, ethi elabhoratri ibangele ukuba izityalo zinganyangeki kwi-corn grub.Idatha yangaphambili ibonisa ukuhla okubonakalayo kwinani leempethu zombona ezinokubakho.
Ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka i-diamides, i-thiamethoxam, i-chlorantraniliprole, kunye ne-spinosad.Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuba zonke iimpethu zembewu yombona zithelekiswa namabala anembewu engakhange inyangwe.
Kulo nyaka, iqela likaCalixto ligqibezela iimvavanyo ze-greenhouse usebenzisa i-methyl jasmonate ukumisela impendulo yethamo kunye nokhuseleko lwezityalo.
“Sikwakhangela amaqweqwe,” watsho.“Ezinye izityalo zokugquma zitsala amagaqa ombona wembewu.Akukho mahluko ungako phakathi kokutyala izityalo zokusitha ngoku kunye nokuzityala ngaphambili.Nakulo nyaka sibona indlela efanayo, kodwa asazi ukuba kutheni.”
Kunyaka ozayo, iqela liceba ukubandakanya uyilo olutsha lomgibe kwizilingo zentsimi kunye nokwandisa isixhobo somngcipheko ukubandakanya i-landscape, izityalo zokugubungela, kunye nembali yezinambuzane ukuphucula imodeli;izilingo zentsimi ye-methyl jasmonate kunye nonyango lwembewu yemveli kunye nezinambuzane ezifana ne-diamide kunye ne-spinosad;kunye nokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-methyl jasmonate njenge-arhente yokomisa imbewu yombona efanelekileyo kubalimi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2023