Kwidiliya zasetafileni, kuquka uhlobo lwesityalo oluyinkosazana iSiah-e-Samarkhandi, imo yeqela kunye nobukhulu besiqhamo zibalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinywa kwale diliya kujongene nemingeni eliqela, efana nokuwa kweberry kunye nesiqhamo esincinci, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni isivuno kunye nexabiso lemarike. Ukuwa kweberry yeyona nto ixhalabisayo kuhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo luhlolisise imiphumo ye-0, 30, 60, kunye ne-90 mg/L⁻¹ GA₃ kunye ne-0 kunye ne-1.5% HKO₃ ekuvundliseni uhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi phantsi kweemeko zokuvundlisa ezivulekileyo nezilawulwayo. Ukongeza, olunye uvavanyo luhlolisise imiphumo yemithombo yepollen (iSiah-e-Shiraz, iAskari, iRotabi, iRishbaba, kunye neAatabaki) ekuvundliseni uhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba, ngaphandle kohlobo lwe-Atabaki, ipollen evela kwezinye iintlobo iphucule isivuno seberry kunye nesiqhamo sebhollen kuhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Ngokubanzi, indibaniselwano ye-30 mg/Li-gibberellin (GA₃)kwaye i-1.5% ye-potassium nitrate (KNO₃) ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo lokuvuselela umgangatho kunye nesivuno samaqunube kunye neqela.
Olu hlobo lubaluleke kakhulu e-Iran nakwiphondo laseFars ngenxa yokuba lutsha kwaye luqulathe i-anthocyanin eninzi. Iidiliya zaseSiah-e-Samarkhandi zikhula kwimozulu eyomileyo, apho imvula ephakathi isuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-450 mm kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zephondo. Ngenxa yokuba ukubonakala kweqela leediliya kunye nobukhulu bequnube kubalulekile ukuze litsha, kukho iingxaki ezininzi, ezifana nobungakanani bequnube obungangqinelaniyo, umgangatho ophantsi wequnube, kunye nokubalwa kwamaqunube aphantsi kwiqunube ngalinye (ngenxa yokuwa kweziqhamo), okunciphisa isivuno.³ I-extract yembewu yediliya etyiwayo inokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji, kubandakanya ukusebenza njenge-antioxidants yendalo, izithinteli-zintsholongwane, kunye nezibulali-zintsholongwane zokutya, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ungcoliseko lokutya ziintsholongwane eziyingozi.
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Ngokuphathelele ukuhambelana kweentlobo zeediliya, uninzi lweentlobo ziyahambelana kwaye ziyazivundisa. Ukuchumisa kwiintyatyambo ezivaliweyo kuqhelekile kwiidiliya. Nangona kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo, azixhaphakanga; ezinye iintlobo azihambelani. Isivuno seziqhamo kunye nomgangatho ziphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Enye yezinto ezisisiseko yibhayoloji yokuzala yohlobo lweediliya. Uphuhliso olupheleleyo lwezitho zeentyatyambo kunye nokuveliswa kwepollen efanelekileyo kunye namazinga aphezulu okuhluma kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchuma. Ukuhluma kwepollen kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, iimeko zesondlo, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuhluma kwepollen ziyahluka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-gibberellin kwiidiliya ezintsha ezingenambewu kunokunyusa ubungakanani beberry ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. 8.
Ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokulinywa kweediliya, ukufumana izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula umgangatho wazo kubalulekile. Unyango lwepollen lwenziwa kwiintlobo ezifana neSiah-e-Shiraz nezinye, njengoko olu nyango lubangele ukuba iinkozo zepollen zibe namazinga aphezulu okuhluma (idatha ayinikwanga). Ukubeka ezi nkozo zepollen (inkozo zepollen ezisempilweni zingumthombo otyebileyo we-auxin kunye ne-GA3) kwisitayile seSiah-e-Samarkhandi kwaye ukuhluma kwazo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqanda, okukhokelela ekuhlanganisweni kwezi hormones ezininzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukwakheka kweziqhamo. Ubukho beenkozo zepollen ezisempilweni kwisiqhamo bukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwembewu esempilweni (Imifanekiso 1A-F). Injongo ephambili yolu vavanyo yayikukuphanda izizathu zokuqhekeka kweziqhamo zeediliya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olufana nokusebenzisana kwe-gibberellin (GA3) kunye ne-potassium nitrate (KNO3) kunye nokuthululwa kwepollen ekuthinteleni okanye ekunciphiseni le ngxaki kuhlobo lweediliya zeSiah-e-Samarkhandi.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwe kwiminyaka emibini (2021-2022) kwisidiliya esinomhlaba otyalwe ngemvula kwilali yaseKhoral, kumntla-ntshona weShiraz, e-Iran (35 km kumntla-ntshona weShiraz, 29°57′ N, 52°14′ S). Lo mmandla unemozulu epholileyo nepholileyo enemvula ephakathi yonyaka eyi-450 mm kunye nomhlaba wodongwe. Izidiliya zatyalwa kwiimitha ezi-3.5 ukusuka kwimigca kunye neemitha ezi-4 phakathi kwezidiliya nganye. Isidiliya sasingankcenkceshelwa (ulimo olunomhlaba otyalwe ngemvula). Ukuqokelelwa kwezinto zezityalo kwahambelana nemigaqo nemigaqo efanelekileyo yesikhungo, yesizwe, neyehlabathi kwaye kwagunyaziswa lishishini lezolimo lezityalo ngokubambisana neYunivesithi yaseShiraz.
Uvavanyo lokuqala nolwesibini lusebenzise uyilo lwe-factorial olusekelwe kuyilo lweebhloko olucwangcisiweyo kwaye lwaphindwa kane.
Uvavanyo lwesithathu lubandakanya ukuvundiswa kwembewu yesityalo iSiah-e-Samarghandi kusetyenziswa impova evela kwiindidi ezintlanu zezityalo (iRotabi, iRishbaba, iAskari, iAtabaki, kunye neSiah-e-Shiraz). Impova evela kwindidi yezityalo iSiah-e-Samarghandi yasetyenziselwa ukuzivundisa ngokwayo le ndidi kwaye yasebenza njengolawulo kolu vavanyo.
Ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zeediliya zaseSiah-e-Samarghandi, impova evela kwezi ntlobo yayifakwa kwiintyatyambo ezine ezikhethiweyo. Usuku olunye ukuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokudubula kweentyatyambo, iintyatyambo ezikhethiweyo zazifakwa kwiingxowa zephepha. Amashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini eentyatyambo zohlobo lwempova zazifakwa kwiingxowa. Emva kweentsuku ezilishumi ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo, zonke iingxowa zephepha zazisuswa kwiintyatyambo.
Emva kokuvuthwa kweziqhamo (umxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo ≥16%), isivuno seediliya sasilinganiswa ngokwahlukeneyo. Iibhanti ezisibhozo (ezine zifakwe kwiingxowa, ezinye zingafakwanga kwiingxowa) emva koko zakhethwa ngokungacwangciswanga kumacala amane omdiliya zaza zadluliselwa kwilebhu ye-physiological yeSebe lezoLimo, iFakhalthi yezoLimo, iYunivesithi yaseShiraz, e-Iran, ukuze kuchazwe ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho.
Izinga lokubekwa kweziqhamo libalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo ngokubala inani leentyatyambo kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuba zidubule kunye nenani lamaqunube enziwe kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokudubula.
Kwizilingo ezimbini zokuqala, amaqunube ali-10 akhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga kwihlumelo ngalinye; kuvavanyo lwesithathu, amaqunube angama-50 akhethwe. Inani lembewu kwiqunube ngalinye labalwa, kwaye inani eliqhelekileyo lembewu kwiqunube ngalinye kwiqela ngalinye lonyango labalwa.
Ukuze kufunyanwe iikhompawundi zephenolic, i-extract yejusi yeziqhamo yaxutywa nge-1:1 kunye ne-80% ye-methanol. Emva koko, i-100 μl ye-ethanol extract yaxutywa ne-400 μl ye-phosphate buffer kunye ne-2.5 ml ye-Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). Emva komzuzu o-1, i-2 ml yesisombululo se-sodium carbonate se-7.5% yongezwa kumxube, kwaye isampuli yafakwa kwi-25°C imizuzu emi-5. Ukufunxwa emva koko kwalinganiswa kwi-760 nm kusetyenziswa i-spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments, Inc., e-USA). Iziphumo zibonakaliswa njengee-milligrams ze-gallic acid kwi-100 g yobunzima obutsha, kunye ne-gallic acid esetyenzisiweyo.asumgangatho.
Umxholo we-Anthocyanin umiselwe ngendlela ye-pH eyahlukileyo kusetyenziswa ii-buffers ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: i-25 mM KCl buffer kwi-pH 1.0 kunye ne-0.4 M sodium acetate buffer kwi-pH 4.5. Isampulu nganye yafakwa kwi-buffers zombini imizuzu eli-15, kwaye ukufunxwa kwalinganiswa kwi-510 nm kunye ne-700 nm, kunye neekopi ezintlanu kwisampulu nganye. Umxholo opheleleyo we-anthocyanin umiselwe ngokwendlela kaSabir et al..
Umsebenzi we-Antioxidantyayizimiselekusetyenziswa indlela ye-1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH). Le ndlela ithile yayilandelayo: I-100 ml yejusi yeziqhamo yaxutywa ne-methanol kunye namanzi ngomlinganiselo we-1:100. Emva koko i-extract yaxutywa ne-2 ml yesisombululo se-0.1 mM DPPH kwi-methanol. Emva kwemizuzu engama-30, ukufunxwa kwesisombululo esivelileyo kwalinganiswa kwi-517 nm kusetyenziswa i-Cecil 2010 UV spectrophotometer. Ukufunxwa kwe-DPPH ngaphandle kwe-extract kwasetyenziswa njengolawulo. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wabalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo:
Olu vavanyo lusebenzise uyilo olucwangcisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, oluphindaphindwe kathathu (uphindaphindo ngalunye lwaluneqela ezine). Idatha yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SAS 9.1, kwaye uvavanyo lukaTukey lwasetyenziswa ukuthelekisa iindlela kwinqanaba lokubaluleka le-0.05. Iimephu zobushushu zeqela zenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-R yohlalutyo lwe-multivariate.
Xa kuthelekiswa nonyango lokuzivundisa (14.97%), ixabiso le-TSS lokuxuba impova kunyango lwe-Atabaqui yayiyi-16.93%, nto leyo umahluko omkhulu. Akukho mahluko mkhulu ubonwe phakathi kwezinye iindlela zonyango kunye nonyango lokuzivundisa (Umfanekiso 4B).
Umsebenzi ophezulu we-antioxidant ubonwe ngokuzivundisa (55.78%), ngelixa ophantsi ubonwe nge-atabaca pollen (18.88%) kunye ne-askari (31.54%). Ezinye iindlela zonyango azizange zahluke kakhulu kwiqela lolawulo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-08-2026
