Iimbovane ezibomvu zomlilo (iSolenopsis invicta) bezisoloko ziyingozi eMelika ukusukela oko zafunyanwa kwiinqanawa phakathi kowe-1933 nowe-1945. Ukuluma kwazo kubangela intlungu ebuhlungu kwaye kubiza iMelika ngaphezulu kwe-$8 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka. Namhlanje, iimbovane ezibomvu zomlilo zifumaneka kumazwe ali-19, ikakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma, kodwa naseCalifornia. Zikwazalana ngobuninzi eOstreliya naseTshayina.
Ngo-1958, i-United States yaseka inkqubo yokuvalwa kwezilwanyana karhulumente yokungenisa iimbovane zomlilo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhamba kwezityalo nezinto ezinokusasaza ezi zinambuzane. Uninzi lwabaphandi kunye namagosa bakholelwa ukuba ukusasazeka kweimbovane zomlilo kunxulunyaniswa nokuthuthwa kwezithole. Abaphathi beendawo zokugcina izityalo ngaphambili babetshiza iingcambu zezityalo ngezibulali-zinambuzane ukulawula iimbovane zomlilo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi ezinjalo (ezifana ne-chlorpyrifos) ngoku kuthintelwe, kwaye ezi khemikhali zibiza kakhulu.
Iqela lophando elivela kwi-USDA Agricultural Research Service, kwi-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, nakwi-Tennessee State University lifunde iindlela zokunciphisa inani leembovane zomlilo kusetyenziswa izibulali-zinambuzane ezingagxothiyo ezisetyenziswa kwiibhola zengcambu zezityalo.izibulali-zinambuzanekwandisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa ziimbovane zomlilo kwaye kunokudlulisela izinto ezinobuthi kwezinye iimbovane ezikwindlwane. Iziphumo zolu phando, ezapapashwa ngoMatshi kwiJournal of Economic Entomology, zibonise ukuba isibulali-zinambuzane esingagxothiyoi-fipronilkunciphisa kakhulu inani leembovane zomlilo kwiibhola zengcambu zezithole.
Abaphandi babeke iikholoni zeembovane zomlilo (kuquka iimbovane zomsebenzi, amaqanda, iimbungu, iipupae, kunye nekumkanikazi) kwiibhola zeengcambu zezityalo zeBuxus microphylla. Isiqingatha seebhola zeengcambu sanyangwa nge-bifenthrin yesibulali-zinambuzane. Iintlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo zezinambuzane ezingagxothiyo—i-fipronil, i-indoxacarb, i-imidacloprid, kunye ne-fipronil—zasetyenziswa njengolawulo, kunye namanzi. Iziphumo zoxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo lwezibulali-zinambuzane ezingagxothiyo nazo zahlolwa, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezisele ekuthinteleni ukuhlaselwa ziimbovane kwafunyaniswa.
I-Fipronil ibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kokubulala izinambuzane, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokulawula izinambuzane okuqhelekileyo kwe-99.99%, kulandele i-indoxacarb (99.33%) kunye ne-imidacloprid (99.49%). Xa ezi zinambuzane zine ezingagxothiyo zidibene ne-bifenthrin, ukusebenza kwazo kokubulala izinambuzane kwehliswe kakhulu (ngaphandle kwe-fipronil, eyafumana ukusebenza kakuhle kokulawula kwe-94.29%). Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-fipronil ekulawuleni izinambuzane, abaphandi bavavanye ubuninzi obuphantsi kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokubulala izinambuzane kwehlisiwe ngaphezulu kwe-90%, kwaye ubuninzi obahlukeneyo be-fipronil abuzange bube nefuthe libalulekileyo kumanani ezinambuzane. Ukusebenzisa ubuninzi obucetyiswayo be-fipronil kuthintele ngempumelelo ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu, ngelixa ukusebenzisa isiqingatha sedosi kubangele izinambuzane eziseleyo kwiingcambu zezityalo.
Abaphandi babhale bathi: “Phakathi konyango lwezinambuzane ezingagxothiyo, i-dinotefuran (ene-bifenthrin okanye engenayo) ibonelele ngolawulo oluhambelanayo lwenqanaba lokuvalelwa, apho ama-75% (8) eebhalbhu zengcambu aseleyo engagxothiyo. Iibhalbhu zengcambu ezinyangiweyo ngezinye izibulali-zinambuzane ezingagxothiyo (imidacloprid, i-indoxacarb, kunye ne-fipronil)… zazinezinga elingagxothiyo le-0-38%.
Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba i-fipronil ibiza kakhulu kunezibulali-zinambuzane ezibini ezivunyiweyo phantsi kwemithetho ye-federal fire ant quarantine—i-chlorpyrifos kunye ne-bifenthrin. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-fipronil esetyenzisiweyo kuvelise iziphumo ezikhuthazayo, kodwa babhale bathi, “Kufuneka iimvavanyo eziphindaphindwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwe-fipronil oluhlukeneyo kwinani leebhalbhu zeengcambu ezingachaphazelekanga nezichaphazelekileyo.”
Nangona kunjalo, i-fipronil ngokwayo ikwanika iinkxalabo ezithile. Inyibilika lula emanzini, inetyhefu kwiinyosi (i-Apis mellifera), kwaye inokusasazwa ngamanzi aphumayo, izitshizi, kunye nezityalo. Imigaqo kunye nemiqathango yokubhala iilebheli ikho okwangoku ukunciphisa impembelelo yesi sinambuzane kwiinyosi. Abaphandi baphawule bathi, "Kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ukusebenzisa i-fipronil kuphela kwiibhola zengcambu zemithi egawulweyo ngaphambi kokuba idubule kufuneka kunciphise umngcipheko wokuvezwa ziinyosi." Bongeze ngelithi uphando olongezelelweyo luyadingeka ukuze kuchongwe indlela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezingagxothiyo ukulawula iimbovane ezibomvu.
"Ii-insecticide ezingagxothiyo ziyasebenza ekulawuleni iimbovane ezibomvu (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) kwizithole eziqokelelwe emasimini."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Impilo yeenyosi ezihlala kwiinyosi iyaphucuka xa zivelisa ipropolis engaphezulu (i-resin ene-wax esetyenziselwa ukuvala indlu yezinyosi). Uphononongo olutsha luvavanye iindlela ezininzi ezilula abafuyi beenyosi abanokuzisebenzisa ukwandisa imveliso yepropolis endlwini yezinyosi.
UBen Puttler, uprofesa osele ekhulile kwiYunivesithi yaseMissouri kunye nengcali yezinambuzane, waziwa kungekuphela nje ngegalelo lakhe lembali ekulawuleni izinambuzane eziphilayo kodwa nangoqeqesho lwakhe olukhulu kubafundi abaninzi bezifundo zezinambuzane kunye noogxa bakhe. Kuphononongo olubuyela umva lomsebenzi wakhe, oogxa ababini bacinga ngezinto eziphunyezwe nguPuttler kunye negalelo lakhe.
I-khapra beetle ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkozo ezigciniweyo kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo kumazibuko nakwiindawo zokuwela imida. Abaphandi baseKhanada bafumanise ubushushu obufunekayo obubulala le beetle kuzo zonke izigaba zobomi bayo, kuquka nokuphela kwayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-13-2026
