Ukukhula kwezityaloI-retarder iyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokutyala izityalo. Ngokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokukhula kokuzala kwezityalo, umgangatho ongcono kunye nesivuno esiphezulu sinokufunyanwa. Izinto ezithintela ukukhula kwezityalo zihlala ziquka i-paclobutrazol, i-uniconazole, i-peptidomimetics, i-chlormethalin, njl. Njengohlobo olutsha lwe-retarder yokukhula kwezityalo, i-prohexadione calcium ifumene ingqalelo enkulu kwimarike kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye inani lobhaliso nalo linyuke ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko,i-paclobutrazol, i-niconazole, i-paroxamine, i-chlorhexidine, kunye ne-prohexadione calcium, yintoni umahluko kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ezi mveliso kwimarike?
(1) I-Prohexadione calcium: Luhlobo olutsha lwesithinteli sokukhula kwezityalo.
Umsebenzi kukuba inokuthintela i-GA1 kwi-gibberellin, ifinyeze ukwandiswa kwesiqu sezityalo, ngaloo ndlela ilawule ukukhula okuncinci kwezityalo. Kwangaxeshanye, ayinampembelelo kwi-GA4 elawula ukwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo zezityalo kunye nophuhliso lweenkozo.
I-Prohexadione calcium yaqaliswa eJapan ngo-1994 njenge-acyl cyclohexanedione growth retardant. Ukufunyanwa kwe-prohexadione calcium kwahlukile koko kwe-quaternary ammonium salts (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene). Izinto ezithintela ukukhula kwezityalo ezifana ne-oxazole) zenze intsimi entsha yokuthintela i-gibberellin biosynthesis kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kwaye ziye zathengiswa kwaye zasetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu nase-United States. Okwangoku, i-prohexadione-calcium ixhalatyiswa kakhulu ngamashishini asekhaya, isizathu esiphambili kukuba xa ithelekiswa ne-triazole retarders, i-prohexadione-calcium ayinayo ityhefu eseleyo kwizityalo ezijikelezayo, ayinangcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye inenzuzo enamandla. Kwixesha elizayo, ingathatha indawo yezinto ezithintela ukukhula kwe-triazole, kwaye inamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa emasimini, kwimithi yeziqhamo, kwiintyatyambo, kwizixhobo zonyango zaseTshayina nakwizityalo zoqoqosho.
(2) I-Paclobutrazol: Ingumthinteli we-gibberellic acid yezityalo. Inefuthe lokulibazisa ukukhula kwezityalo, ithintela ukunwebeka kwesiqu sesityalo, inciphisa ama-internode, ikhuthaza ukuhluma, inyusa ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezityalo, ikhuthaza ukwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo kunye nokwandisa isivuno. I-Paclobutrazol ifanelekile kwizityalo ezifana nerayisi, ingqolowa, amandongomane, imithi yeziqhamo, iisoya, ingca, njl.njl., kwaye inefuthe elimangalisayo lokulawula ukukhula.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-paclobutrazol: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunokubangela izityalo ezimfutshane, iingcambu eziguqukileyo kunye neengcambu, amagqabi agobileyo, iintyatyambo ezingaqhelekanga, ukubola kwamagqabi amadala ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye namagqabi amatsha ajijekileyo nanciphayo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-paclobutrazol ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kuya kuhlala emhlabeni, kwaye kuya kubangela ubuthi be-phytotoxic kwisityalo esilandelayo, okubangela ukuba kungabikho sithombo, ukuhluma kade, izinga eliphantsi lokuhluma kwezithole, kunye nokukhubazeka kwezithole kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-phytotoxic.
(3) I-Uniconazole: Ikwangumthinteli we-gibberellin. Inemisebenzi yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo, ukunciphisa ama-internode, ukudumba kwezityalo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela asecaleni kunye nokwahluka kwamahlumela eentyatyambo, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana noxinzelelo. Ngenxa ye-carbon double bond ye-paclobutrazol, umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji kunye nesiphumo sonyango ziphindwe ka-6 ukuya ku-10 kwaye ziphindwe ka-4 ukuya ku-10 kune-paclobutrazol, ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye isixa esiseleyo emhlabeni simalunga nekota kuphela ye-paclobutrazol, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo. Izinga lokubola likhawuleza, kwaye impembelelo kwizityalo ezilandelayo yi-1/5 kuphela ye-paclobutrazol.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-uniconazole: xa isetyenziswa kakhulu, iya kubangela ubuthi be-phytotoxicity, ibangele ukutsha kwezityalo, ukubuna, ukukhula kakubi, ukukhubazeka kwamagqabi, amagqabi awileyo, iintyatyambo eziwayo, iziqhamo eziwayo, ukuvuthwa kade, njl.njl., kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lezityalo zemifuno kuya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwezithole. Ikwayityhefu kwiintlanzi kwaye ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kumachibi eentlanzi nakwezinye iifama zezilwanyana zasemanzini.
(4) I-Peptidamine (i-Mepinium): Ingumthinteli we-gibberellin. Ingaphucula ukwenziwa kwe-chlorophyll, isityalo siqinile, sinokufunxwa ngamagqabi kunye neengcambu zesityalo, kwaye sidluliselwe kwisityalo sonke, ngaloo ndlela sithintele ukwandiswa kweeseli kunye nolawulo lwe-apical, kwaye sinokufinyeza ii-internodes kwaye senze uhlobo lwesityalo lube ncinci. Ingalibazisa ukukhula kwesityalo, ithintele isityalo ekuchumeni, kwaye ilibazise ukuvalwa. I-Peptamine inokuphucula ukuzinza kwee-membrane zeseli kwaye yonyuse ukumelana noxinzelelo lwesityalo. Xa ithelekiswa ne-paclobutrazol kunye ne-uniconazole, ineempawu zonyango ezithambileyo, ayinakucaphuka, kwaye ikhuselekile kakhulu. Ingasetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kuzo zonke izihlandlo zezityalo, nokuba kumanqanaba ezityalo kunye neentyatyambo xa izityalo zibuthathaka kakhulu kumayeza. , kwaye ngokusisiseko akukho miphumo mibi.
(5) I-Chlormetrodin: Ifezekisa isiphumo sokulawula ukusebenza kakhulu ngokuthintela ukwenziwa kwe-gibberellin endogenous. I-Chlormetrodin inefuthe elilawulayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo, ilinganisela ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokukhula kokuzala, iphucula ukuvundiswa kwezityalo kunye nesantya sokumiselwa kweziqhamo, kwaye yonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluma. Ilibazisa ukwandiswa kweeseli, izityalo ezincinci, iziqu eziqinileyo, kwaye ifinyeze ii-internodes.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-paclobutrazol kunye ne-mepiperonium, i-paclobutrazol idla ngokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuhluma kwezithole kunye nenqanaba lokuhluma elitsha, kwaye inefuthe elihle kwi-peanuts, kodwa ifuthe kwizityalo zasekwindla nasebusika liqhelekile; Kwizityalo ezifutshane, ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwe-chlormethalin kuhlala kubangela ukuncipha kwesivuno kwaye ubuthi be-phytotoxicity kunzima ukuyinciphisa; i-mepipenium incinci, kwaye inokupheliswa ngokutshiza i-gibberellin okanye ukunkcenkceshela ukwandisa ukuchuma emva kobuthi be-phytotoxicity.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-19-2022