Ukuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo ngelixa zigcina umgangatho uqhelekileukukhula kwezityaloibisoloko ingumngeni omkhulu kwezolimo. Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ukufezekisa olu lungelelwaniso kunokuba lula kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili. Izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba ukuphucula umsebenzi we-"gene ecocekileyo" egciniweyo kunokuphucula ngaxeshanye ixabiso lesondlo kunye neempawu ze-organoleptic zeziqhamo. Ngokuphucula ukubonakaliswa kwe-gene enxulumene ne-tRNA, iqela lophando lonyuse amanqanaba e-anthocyanins kunye ne-terpenoids—iikhompawundi ezichaphazela umbala, ivumba, kunye neempawu ze-antioxidant zeziqhamo. Olu phuculo aluzange lube nefuthe elilinganisekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo, ubungakanani beziqhamo, okanye umxholo weswekile. Iziphumo zibonisa indima engalindelekanga yezakhi zofuzo ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi weselula osisiseko, obonisa ukuba zinokuchaphazela neempawu eziphambili ze-metabolic zeziqhamo.
Ii-Anthocyanins kunye nee-terpenoids zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumbala, incasa, ivumba, kunye nexabiso lesondlo leziqhamo. Nangona kunjalo, imizamo yokunyusa umxholo wezi zinto idla ngokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi engathandekiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imveliso yazo inxulumene kakhulu neehomoni zezityalo. Umzekelo, ii-cytokinins zilawula ukukhula kwezityalo kunye ne-metabolism yesibini, ngoko ke ukutshintsha amanqanaba azo kunokutshintsha ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu zokukhula kwezityalo.
Udidi olungaziwayo lweejini ezinxulumene ne-cytokinin—ii-tRNA-type isopentenyl transferases—lufumene ingqwalasela encinci. Ezi jini kucingelwa ukuba zenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeselula endaweni yokulawula ngokukhutheleyo iimpawu zezityalo. Nokuba zinokuwuphucula na umgangatho weziqhamo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo akukacaci, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ukuphononongwa ngakumbi.
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseNanjing nakwiYunivesithi yaseConnecticut bapapashe iphepha kwijenali ethi *Horticultural Research*, behlola oku kunokwenzeka besebenzisa amaqunube asendle njengomzekelo. Bagxile kwijini yokunyamekela indlu ebizwa ngokuba yiFveIPT2. Ngokuguqula izityalo ngokwemfuza ukuze kwandiswe inqanaba lokubonakaliswa kwale jini, babone ukuphucuka okukhulu kumgangatho weziqhamo.
Izityalo eziguqulweyo zibonise amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-anthocyanins kunye ne-terpenoids kwiziqhamo ezivuthiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zasendle, kodwa azibonisanga mahluko ekukhuleni, kubungakanani beziqhamo, okanye kumxholo weswekile. Olu fumaniso luyichasa inkolelo ekudala ikho yokuba ii-genes zokugcina izityalo zidlala indima engenzi nto kwaye lugxininisa amandla azo amakhulu okuphucula isivuno.
I-FveIPT2 gene ibandakanyeka ekuguqulweni kwe-tRNA kwaye inxulunyaniswa nokwenziwa kwe-cis-zeatin (i-cytokinin). Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-genes ezinxulumene ne-cytokinin, ezinempembelelo enkulu ekukhuleni kwezityalo, ukwanda komsebenzi we-FveIPT2 kubangela utshintsho oluncinci kuphela kumanqanaba e-cytokinin iyonke. Uphuhliso lwezityalo luqhubeka ngokwesiqhelo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okucacileyo. Ukudubula kunye nokuchuma kwenzeka njengoko kulindelekile, ngaphandle kotshintsho kubunzima besiqhamo, imo, okanye ubumnandi.
Nangona isityalo sikhula kakuhle, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zeziqhamo kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu. Amanqanaba ee-anthocyanins, ii-flavonoids, kunye nee-phenolic compounds anda, nto leyo ebangele umbala obomvu obukhali ngakumbi. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lubonise ukunyuka okukhulu kumanqanaba ee-anthocyanins ezithile ezilithoba, kuquka ii-compounds ezivela kwi-cyanidin kunye ne-pelargonidin, ezaziwa ngeempawu zazo ze-antioxidant.
Kwangaxeshanye, umxholo wesiqingatha seekhompawundi ze-terpenoid ezifunyenweyo unyukile. Ezi khompawundi ze-terpenoid ziquka i-monoterpenes, i-sesquiterpenes, kunye ne-triterpenes, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwivumba nencasa.
Olu tshintsho alupheleli nje kwimibala nakwizinto zesondlo. Amanqanaba eekhompawundi ezinuka kamnandi ezinxulumene nevumba elimnandi leentyatyambo, njenge-linalool, anyukile. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanqanaba eekhompawundi ezinxulumene nevumba elibi nelinukayo le-resin anciphile. Izifundo zokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ziqinisekisile ukuba iindlela eziphambili ezinoxanduva lokuveliswa nokuthuthwa kwezi khompawundi ziye zasebenza ngakumbi.
Xa zizonke, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-FveIPT2 inokuphucula ikhemistri yeziqhamo ngokukhetha ngaphandle kokutshintsha iihomoni eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ukukhula.
Abaphandi baphawule bathi, “Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'housekeeping genes' kunokuba nemiphumo ecacileyo nebalulekileyo. Ngokujolisa kwiijini zohlobo lwe-tRNA endaweni yokulawula iihomoni zemveli, sikwazile ukuphucula umbala wesiqhamo, incasa, kunye nokwakheka kwezondlo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukukhula, ngelixa ubunjineli bemetabolism buhlala bunemiphumo emibi ekukhuleni. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba iindlela ezisisiseko zeeseli zinokuchaphazela umgangatho weziqhamo ngokufihlakeleyo, zibonelela abafuyi ngezixhobo ezintsha ezisebenzayo nezithambileyo.”
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-FveIPT2 yindlela ethembisayo nesebenzayo yokuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo zama-strawberry kunye nezinye izityalo zezolimo. Ngenxa yokuba le ndlela yonyusa umxholo wee-pigment eziluncedo kunye nee-aromatic compounds ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno okanye ukukhula kwezityalo, ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuliseni iimveliso zezolimo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ngokubanzi, olu phononongo luchasa ingcamango yokuba ii-genes zokugcina izityalo zibandakanyeka kuphela kwiinkqubo zeseli eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuchonga impembelelo yazo kwi-metabolism yesibini, olu phononongo lubonisa amaqhinga amatsha okwandisa isivuno sesivuno ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho.
Eli nqaku libonelelwe yi-Academy of Sciences yaseNanjing Agricultural University. Qaphela: Umxholo ungadinga ukuhlelwa ngenxa yeemfuno zokufomatha kunye nobude.
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-08-2026
