Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, izibulali-zinambuzane ezicocekileyo zelizwe lam ziye zaphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokwaziswa kweentlobo ezininzi ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obuvela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye okwesibini, imizamo yeeyunithi ezifanelekileyo zasekhaya zenze ukuba uninzi lwezixhobo eziphambili kunye neendlela zokulinganisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezicocekileyo zenziwe. kwaye khankanya umgangatho ophezulu kunye nophuhliso lweentlobo ezintsha zophuhliso lwamayeza. Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziluhlaza zezibulali-zinambuzane, ngokubhekiselele kwizibulali-zinambuzane ezicocekileyo, ii-pyrethroids zisezona ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. Ngenxa yokuba izitshabalalisi ziye zaphuhla amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuxhathisa ii-pyrethroids kwezinye iindawo, kwaye kukho ukumelana okunqamlezileyo, okuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ineenzuzo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo ezifana nobuthi obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kunzima ukuthathelwa indawo zezinye iintlobo kwixesha elithile. Iintlobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-tetramethrin, i-Es-bio-allethrin, i-d-allethrin, i-methothrin, i-pyrethrin, i-permethrin, i-cypermethrin, i-beta-cypermethrin, i-deltamethrin kunye ne-dextramethrin etyebileyo i-Allethrin njl. Phakathi kwazo, i-D-trans allethrin etyebileyo iphuhliswa kwaye iveliswa ngokuzimeleyo kwilizwe lam. Inxalenye ye-asidi ye-common allethrin yahlulwe kwi-cis kunye ne-trans isomers kwaye ii-isomers zasekhohlo nasekunene zahlulwe ukuze kwandiswe umlinganiselo womzimba wayo osebenzayo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweMveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, umzimba ongasebenziyo uguqulwa ube ngumzimba osebenzayo, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko ngakumbi. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwee-pyrethroids kwilizwe lam kungene kwicandelo lophuhliso oluzimeleyo kunye nokungena kwicandelo le-stereochemistry kunye netekhnoloji ye-optical activity ephezulu. IiDichlorvos phakathi kwezibulali-zinambuzane ze-organophosphorus zezona ntlobo zinemveliso enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi ngenxa yempembelelo yazo enamandla yokuwa, amandla okubulala aqinileyo kunye nomsebenzi wendalo wokuwohloka, kodwa i-DDVP kunye ne-chlorpyrifos zithintelwe ukusetyenziswa. Ngo-1999, iHunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, ngokwengcebiso ye-WHO, yavelisa isibulali-zinambuzane esibanzi, esisebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, esinokusetyenziselwa ukulawula iingcongconi, iimpukane, amaphela kunye neencukuthu.
Phakathi kwee-carbamates, i-propoxur kunye ne-Zhongbucarb zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwedatha efanelekileyo, imveliso yokubola kwe-sec-butacarb, i-methyl isocyanate, ineengxaki zetyhefu. Le mveliso ayizange ifakwe kuluhlu lweemveliso zezinambuzane zococeko lwasekhaya ezipapashwe yi-World Health Organisation ngo-1997, kwaye ngaphandle kweTshayina, akukho nalinye ilizwe emhlabeni elisebenzise le mveliso kwiimveliso zezinambuzane zococeko lwasekhaya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwezinambuzane zococeko lwasekhaya kwaye zihambelane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, i-Pesticide Control Institute yoMphathiswa wezoLimo kunye neemeko zelizwe lam, nge-23 kaMatshi 2000, yeZhongbuwei, kwenziwe imigaqo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha kancinci kancinci ukuya ekuphelisweni kokusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane zococeko lwasekhaya.
Kukho abaphandi abaninzi abasebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ukukhula kwezinambuzane, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezininzi, ezifana ne: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, njl. Kwezinye iindawo, zisetyenziselwa ukulawula iimbungu kwiindawo zokuzalela iingcongconi neempukane, kwaye zifumene iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ziyathandwa kwaye zisetyenziswa kancinci kancinci.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iiyunithi ezifana neFudan University ziye zaphanda zaza zavelisa iipheromones zeempukane zasekhaya, kwaye iYunivesithi yaseWuhan iye yavelisa ii-parvovirus ze-cockroach ezizimeleyo. Ezi mveliso zinamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa. Iimveliso zezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezincinci ziphantsi kophuhliso, ezifana ne: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, cockroach virus kunye neMetarhizium anisopliae zibhalisiwe njengeemveliso zococeko. Ii-synergists eziphambili yi-piperonyl butoxide, i-octachlorodipropyl ether, kunye ne-synergist amine. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yengxaki yokusetyenziswa kwe-octachlorodipropyl ether, iNanjing Forestry Research Institute ikhuphe i-AI-1 synergist kwi-turpentine, kunye neShanghai Entomology Research Institute kunye neNanjing Agricultural University zenze i-94o synergist. arhente. Kukwakho nee-amines ezilandelayo, ii-synergists, kunye nophuhliso lwee-synergists ezivela kwizityalo ze-S-855.
Okwangoku, kukho izithako ezisebenzayo ezingama-87 zezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezikwimeko esebenzayo yokubhaliswa kwezinambuzane ezicocekileyo kwilizwe lethu, apho: 46 (52.87%) ye-pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) ye-organophosphorus, 5 ye-carbamates, 1 (5.75%), 5 izinto ezingaphiliyo (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), kunye nezinye iintlobo ezili-18 (20.68%).
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-20-2023