Uxinzelelo lobushushu obuphezulu ludla ngokubhekisa kwintlekele yemozulu apho ubushushu bugqitha umda ophezulu wobushushu obufanelekileyo ekukhuleni kwesityalo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezityalo kwaye oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni isivuno okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo. Ukunciphisa ilahleko ebangelwa yimozulu eshushu kakhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba abalimi bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyoizityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba okukhula ahlukeneyo.
Irayisi
Impembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kwirayisi: Irayisi sisityalo esithanda ubushushu kwaye sinovelwano kakhulu kubushushu ngexesha lokukhula nokukhula (oko kukuthi, kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi nasemva kokukhula). Ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba budlula ama-35°C ngexesha lokukhula, amalungu okuzala erayisi aya kukhula ngokupheleleyo, impova ayizukukhula kakuhle, kwaye amandla ayo aya kuncipha. Ukuba ubushushu budlula ama-35°C ngexesha lokukhula nokukhula kweentyatyambo, kuya kwenzeka umonakalo kubushushu, okuchaphazela ukusasazeka kwempova kunye nokwandiswa kweetyhubhu zempova, okubangela ukungakwazi ukuchumisa kunye nokwenziwa kwamaqokobhe eenkozo ezingenanto, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni izinga lesivuno, ubunzima obuphantsi beenkozo eziliwaka, kunye nokungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo.
Amanyathelo okuthintela umonakalo wobushushu:
1. Qinisa ulawulo lwamanzi emasimini. Ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlela, intsimi yerayisi kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe ngongqimba lwamanzi oluyi-5-10 centimeter, olunokunciphisa ubushushu bomhlaba werayisi, luphucule amandla enkqubo yeengcambu, kwaye lunyuse nomswakama womoya kumaleko we-panicle, okulungele ukuchumisa nokubeka imbewu yerayisi. Kwintsimi yerayisi ekwinqanaba lokuzalisa, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokufunxa amanzi ebusuku kunokusetyenziswa ukuthintela "ukuvuthwa okunyanzelekileyo kobushushu obuphezulu" kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima beenkozo eziliwaka.
2. Nika ingqalelo ekulawuleni izinambuzane eziphakathi nasekupheleni kokukhula kwerayisi. Ubushushu obuphezulu buya kukhawulezisa ukuzala kwezinambuzane. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokulawula izinambuzane zerayisi lixesha lokuqandusela kwamaqanda kunye nencochoyi ye-1-2 instar ye-nymphs. Isisombululo esiphindwe ka-2000 samanzi e-imidacloprid ayi-10% okanye isisombululo esiphindwe ka-1500 se-25% thiazopyr·isoprocarb powder emanzi sinokutshizwa kwiindawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi zerayisi, sigcine umaleko wamanzi angaphantsi kangangeentsuku ezi-3-5.
3. Sebenzisa isichumiso samagqabi. Ukutshiza nge-foliar ngesisombululo se-3% se-superphosphate okanye isisombululo se-0.2% se-phosphoric acid dihydrogen potassium kunokunyusa ukumelana kwezityalo zerayisi kubushushu obuphezulu, kunciphise ngempumelelo umonakalo wobushushu, kwaye kunyuse izinga lesivuno kunye nobunzima beenkozo eziliwaka.
Imifuno
Impembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kwimifuno: Xa amanzi afunxwa ziingcambu zemifuno emhlabeni engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomphunga wezityalo, oku kuya kubangela ukuba amagqabi ezityalo zemifuno ajijeke, awe, awe umgangatho, anciphise isivuno, aze abuye abune aze afe. Kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu, inani leentyatyambo zemifuno lincinci, azikhuli kakuhle kwaye ukumelana kwazo nezinambuzane nezifo kuyancipha, kwaye iingxaki zezinambuzane nezifo zinzima.
Amanyathelo okuthintela umonakalo wobushushu:
1. khetha ukutyala iintlobo zemifuno ezifanelekileyo ekulinyweni kwengingqi kwaye zinokumelana kakhulu namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nezifo.
2. tyala izityalo ezinde. Sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yomthunzi wezityalo ezinde, kwaye ulinganisele ukudibana kwezityalo ezikhetha ukukhanya kwelanga nezo zikhetha umthunzi, njengokutyala umbona nemifuno engakhuli kangako, ukutyala izityalo zemifuno phakathi kwemiqolo yemithi yeziqhamo, njl.
3. Gquma ngezinto zokupholisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwimifuno enamagqabi ehlotyeni, kungcono ukwakha ishedi uze uyigqume ngemixokelelwane yomthunzi ukuze ukhusele elangeni nakwizinambuzane. Ungagquma nefilimu yokukhusela ngemixokelelwane yomthunzi. Kwimiqolo yezityalo engenanto, beka umaleko wengca, umququ otyumkileyo, njl.njl. emhlabeni ukuze uthintele ubushushu bomhlaba ukuba bungabi phezulu kakhulu. Kwiziqhamo zemifuno ezivezwe elangeni, zigqume ngokhula, amaphephandaba amadala, njl.njl. ukuze zingatshi lilanga.
4. sebenzisa umthunzi wamagqabi ukukhusela iziqhamo. Ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu, sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yomthunzi yeziqu namagqabi ukukhusela iziqhamo. Ukulima imifuno ehlotyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale ngokuxinana kunokuba utyale kancinci, ukuze usebenzise impembelelo yomthunzi ofanayo kwaye wenze kube lula ukukhula.
5. manzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu, yongeza amaxesha kunye nobungakanani bokunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, sebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela nge-sprinkler okanye utshize amanzi kumagqabi ukuthintela ukoma kwamagqabi. Ixesha kufuneka likhethwe kusasa okanye ngokuhlwa, kwaye ungankcenkcesheli kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu phakathi emini. Amanzi kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokulinganayo nangokucokisekileyo ukugcina umhlaba umanzi. Emva kwemvula eshushu, khupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye unkcenkceshele ngamanzi abandayo ukuthintela umonakalo kubushushu.
6. gxila ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zembalela, izinambuzane ezifana nee-thrips, ii-aphids, iimpukane ezimhlophe, iinkumbi zamagqabi, kunye neencukuthu zisengozini yokonakala. Ungasebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezifana ne-imidacloprid, i-dinotefuran, i-ethephon, i-cypermethrin, kunye ne-avermectin ukulawula. Qaphela ukuba akucetyiswa ukuba utshize izibulali-zinambuzane kubushushu obuphezulu.
Imithi yeziqhamo
Impembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kwimithi yeziqhamo: Emva kokuba imithi yeziqhamo ichaphazeleke kubushushu, ukongeza ekukhuleni nasekuphuhleni okungekuhle, idla ngokubonisa amaxolo omthi aqhekekileyo, amasebe atshisiweyo, amabala ashwabeneyo kumagqabi, ukuba mnyama nokutyheli kombala wamagqabi; Impembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kwimithi yeziqhamo: Emva kokuba imithi yeziqhamo ichaphazeleke kuxinzelelo lobushushu, ukongeza ekukhuleni okungekuhle nokuphuhleni, idla ngokubonisa amaxolo omthi aqhekekileyo, amasebe atshisiweyo, amabala ashwabeneyo kumagqabi, ukuba mnyama nokutyheli kombala wamagqabi; xa iziqhamo zichaphazeleke kancinci, zibonisa ukuvuthwa okulibazisekileyo, ubungakanani obuncinci, umbala ophantsi, ivumba elibi, umgangatho kunye nozinzo lokugcina; xa zichaphazeleke kakhulu, iziqhamo ziyawa kwaye kutsha izicubu.
Amanyathelo okuthintela uxinzelelo lobushushu:
1. gcwalisa amanzi asendle ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Xa udibana nemozulu eshushu neyomileyo, kufuneka kunkcenkceshelwe imithi yeziqhamo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokwandisa unikezelo lwamanzi emhlabeni kunye nokuphucula imeko yokufuma kwegadi yeziqhamo, imfuno yamanzi yamagqabi okukhupha umoya kunye nokwandiswa kweziqhamo inokuhlangatyezwa, ukunciphisa umonakalo wembalela kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu obuphezulu kwimithi yeziqhamo. Zama ukunkcenkceshela kusasa okanye ngokuhlwa, kwaye nasebusuku kunokwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezomileyo kakhulu, kungenziwa ngamanani amancinci namaxesha amaninzi, kwaye akuvumelekanga ukunika amanzi amaninzi ngaxeshanye ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kwesiqhamo.
2. Yandisa ukufuma kwegadi yemifuno. Ngezixhobo zokutshiza izityalo, amanzi okanye isitshizi zipholisa kwaye zifume phezu komthi naphakathi kwemiqolo ngokuhlwa okanye ebusuku ukuphucula imozulu yegadi yemifuno nokunciphisa umonakalo wobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo emthini nakwiziqhamo.
3. Gquma ngokugcina umswakama. Ingca yerayisi, amagqabi, njl. zingasetyenziselwa ukugquma idiski yomthi ukuze kwehliswe ubushushu bomhlaba kwindawo yeengcambu kwaye kuncitshiswe ukufuma kwamanzi.
4. faka umthunzi okanye ucoce isiqu. Kwizitiya ezisandula ukwakhiwa okanye ezisandula ukwakhiwa, inani elincinci lombona okanye ezinye izityalo ezinde zingatyalwa kumqolo ukuze zinike umthunzi. Kwizitiya ezivuthiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukufaka umhlophe kwisiqu ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nembalela kwimithi yeziqhamo.
5. Ukuchumisa rhoqo. Ngexesha elishushu nelomileyo, faka rhoqo isisombululo se-phosphoric acid dihydrogen potassium izihlandlo ezingama-600-800 kwimithi yeziqhamo ukuthintela ngempumelelo ukuvulwa kwemingxuma yamagqabi, ukunciphisa ukufuma kwamanzi emzimbeni womthi, kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nembalela yomzimba womthi.
6. thintela izifo nezinambuzane. Ngexesha lemozulu eshushu neyomileyo, kulula ukubangela ukwanda kwezinambuzane, ii-aphids kunye nezinye izinambuzane kunye namagqabi atyheli ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuqhambuka kokubola kweengcambu. Kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekuthinteleni. xa iziqhamo zichaphazeleke kancinci, zibonisa ukuvuthwa okulibazisekileyo, ubungakanani obuncinci, umbala ophantsi, ivumba elibi, umgangatho kunye nozinzo lokugcina; xa zichaphazeleke kakhulu, iziqhamo ziyawa kwaye kutsha izicubu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-02-2026
