I. Iipropati eziphambili zeI-Chlorantraniliprole
Le nkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane yi-nicotinic receptor activator (yezihlunu). Ivuselela ii-receptor ze-nicotinic kwizinambuzane, ibangela ukuba imijelo ye-receptor ihlale ivulekile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukukhululwa okungathintelwanga kwee-calcium ions ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kweeseli. Iqula le-calcium liyaphela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukulawulwa kwemisipha kube buthathaka, kukhubazeke, kwaye ekugqibeleni kufe.
1. Indlela esebenza ngayo le nkunkuma yokubulala izitshabalalisi ibangela isisu, inemiphumo ethile yokubulala xa iqhagamshelwe, kodwa ayisiyondlela iphambili yokubulala. Ayinampembelelo yokufutha.
2. Le zinambuzane sisibulali-zinambuzane sangaphakathi esiguqula izityalo. Singena ngamandla. Le zinambuzane zinokufunxwa kwaye zithuthwe zizityalo ziye kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wesityalo. Izinambuzane ziyafa emva kokutya amagqabi anetyhefu, iziqu kunye neentyatyambo. Le zinambuzane ikwanayo ne-permeability enamandla kwaye ingangena kumaleko weseli ye-epidermal yesiqu ize ingene kwi-xylem, ngaloo ndlela ikhokelela kwezinye iindawo ezinganyangwanga ezingakhange zitshizwe.
3. Le ntsholongwane inamandla kakhulu okulwa neempungutye kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle kwizinambuzane ezindala ezinkulu. Ayisebenzi kakhulu kumaqanda. Nangona kunjalo, inamandla okubulala iimpungutye ezisandula ukuqanduselwa. Iimpungutye eziluma kwiqokobhe leqanda zize zihlangane ne-pesticide kumphezulu wokufukama ziya kutyhefwa zize zife. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngexesha le-larval yobudala obuphantsi, ngcono ngexesha lokuqanduselwa kwamaqanda, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho kuye kwavela khona ukumelana.
4. Emva kokuginywa, izinambuzane ziyeka ukutya ngoko nangoko kwaye azisayi kubangela monakalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwazo ngokukhawuleza akubi mnandi. Inkqubo yokufa kwezinambuzane emva kokuginywa yile ilandelayo: ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza ukutya (malunga nemizuzu esi-7) → ukulahleka kwamandla → ukurhawuzelelwa → ukukhubazeka kwemisipha → ukuthintelwa okukhulu kwemveliso → ukufa kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-72.
5. Le tyhefu ibola kancinci kwizityalo kwaye inophawu lokusebenza ixesha elide. Ngokubanzi, ingagcina isiphumo solawulo ngaphezu kweentsuku ezili-14.
6. Le nkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane inamathele emhlabeni kwaye ayinyibiliki kakuhle. Ixesha eliphakathi kokubola lingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-12.
7. Le nkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane inamandla okubulala izinambuzane, inemisebenzi emininzi, kwaye isebenza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Ilawula ikakhulu izinambuzane ze-lepidopteran kwaye inokuphazamisa inkqubo yokudibana kwezinambuzane ezithile ze-lepidopteran, inciphise izinga lokuzala kwamaqanda ezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo ze-noctuid. Inemiphumo emihle yokulawula kwizinambuzane ze-scarabaeid, i-leaf beetle, i-aphid, kunye ne-fly zeentsapho ze-hemipteran, i-dipteran, kunye ne-dipteran, ngokwahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wayo uphantsi kakhulu kunalowo uchasene nezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran kwaye kufuneka ukhethwe ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wexabiso nokusebenza.
8. Le nkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane ikhuselekile kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo. Kukho uhlobo olunye kuphela lwe-nicotinic receptor kwizinambuzane, ngelixa kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-nicotinic receptors kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwaye i-nicotinic receptor yezinambuzane ayifani kangako neyezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Umsebenzi wale nkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane kwi-nicotinic receptors uphindwe ka-300 kunowezilwanyana ezanyisayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukukhetha okuphezulu kunye netyhefu ephantsi kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Inqanaba letyhefu elibhalisiweyo eTshayina linobungozi obuncinci, kwaye likhuselekile kwizixhobo zokufaka.
9. Le tyhefu yokubulala izinambuzane ayinabungozi kangako kwiintaka, iintlanzi, iishrimp, kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo, kwaye ikhuselekile kakhulu kwizidalwa eziluncedo ezifana neentshaba zemvelo eziziincukuthu nezizingelayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inetyhefu kakhulu kwimibungu yesilika.
10. Le ntsholongwane iyahambelana kakhulu. Ingaxutywa nezibulali-zinambuzane ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezifana ne-methamidophos,i-abamectin, i-cyfluthrin, i-cypermethrin, i-chlorfenapyr, kunye neoyile ye-neem eziza kusetyenziswa kunye, ezinokwandisa uluhlu lolawulo, zilibazise uphuhliso lokumelana, ziphucule isantya sesenzo, zandise ixesha lokusebenza kakuhle, okanye zinciphise iindleko zokusetyenziswa.
II. Iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kweChlorantraniliprole
1. Ixesha lokusetyenziswa: Sebenzisa xa izinambuzane zisencinci. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngexesha eliphezulu lokuqandusela amaqanda.
2. Yisebenzise ngokungqongqo ngokwemiyalelo ekwileyibhile. Xa ufaka isitshizi, ukutshiza ngemiphunga okanye ukutshiza kancinci kusebenza ngcono.
3. Misela inani eliphezulu lokufaka ngexesha lonyaka kunye nexesha lokhuseleko ngokusekelwe kwisivuno esibhaliselwe imveliso.
4. Xa ubushushu buphezulu kwaye umphunga ubonakala kakhulu emasimini, khetha ukusebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane ngaphambi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa nasemva kwentsimbi yesi-4 emva kwemini. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela ubungakanani besicombululo sesibulali-zinambuzane esisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa kunokunyusa ngcono ubungakanani besicombululo sesibulali-zinambuzane esifunxwa zizityalo kunye nokuvuleka kwazo, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni isiphumo solawulo.
III. Amanyathelo okukhusela ekusebenziseni i-Chlorantraniliprole
Nangona kulandelwa amanyathelo okhuseleko ngokubanzi okusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane, kufuneka kuqatshelwe la manqaku alandelayo xa usebenzisa le mveliso:
1. Le mithi yokubulala izinambuzane inovelwano kwiitumato, ii-eggplant, njl.njl., kwaye inokubangela amabala, ukubuna, njl.njl.; imithi ye-citrus, i-pear, i-mulberry kunye neminye imithi yeziqhamo inovelwano ngexesha lesigaba esitsha samagqabi kunye nesigaba sokukhula kwamagqabi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amagqabi abe tyheli, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iziqhamo zibe ncinci, nto leyo echaphazela isivuno kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo.
2. Musa ukufaka isibulali-zinambuzane kwiintsuku ezinomoya okanye xa kulindeleke ukuba imvula ingananga kwiyure e-1. Nangona kunjalo, esi sibulali-zinambuzane siyamelana nokukhukuliseka kwemvula, kwaye ukuba sina emva kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokutshiza, akukho mfuneko yokuphinda sitshize kwakhona.
3. Le mveliso ihlelwe njengeQela lama-28 leKomiti yoLawulo lokuxhathisa izinambuzane yaMazwe ngaMazwe kwaye luhlobo lwe-insecticide. Ukuze kuthintelwe ngcono ukuvela kwe-resistance, ukusetyenziswa kwale mveliso kwisityalo esinye akufuneki kudlule amaxesha ama-2. Kwisizukulwana sangoku sezinambuzane ekujoliswe kuzo, ukuba le mveliso isetyenziswa kwaye ingasetyenziswa rhoqo amaxesha ama-2, kucetyiswa ukuba kutshintshwe iikhompawundi ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza (ngaphandle kweQela lama-28) kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
4. Le mveliso ithambekele ekuqhekekeni kwiimeko ze-alkaline kwaye ayinakuxutywa nee-asidi ezinamandla okanye izinto ze-alkaline ezinamandla.
5. Inetyhefu kakhulu kwi-algae kunye ne-silkyworms, njl. Akuvumelekanga ukuyisebenzisa ezindlwini ze-silkyworm kunye negadi ye-mulberry. Xa uyisebenzisa, kuyimfuneko ukugcina indawo ethile yokuyihlukanisa ne-silkyworms ukuze ungasasazeki kumagqabi e-mulberry. Akuvumelekanga ukuyisebenzisa ngexesha lokudubula kwezityalo ezivelisa i-nectar kunye neendawo zokukhulula ii-parasitic wasps kunye nezinye iintshaba zendalo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-15-2026