NgokweNgxelo yeMalariya yeHlabathi yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ka-2025, amatyala emalariya eMelika anyuke nge-15.7% phakathi kowama-2015 nowama-2024.
I-Malaria sisifo esidluliselwa ligazi esidluliselwa ziingcongconi ezithwala i-Plasmodium parasite. Nangona kukho imizamo yokulawula iingcongconi, i-malaria isaxhaphakile kwiindawo ezithile zaseMzantsi Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Kwiphepha likaMatshi kwiSayensi, uJacob Tennison kunye noogxa bakhe bahlolisise i-genomics yoluntu lwe-Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlini, i-vector ephambili ye-malaria eMzantsi Melika. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-Anopheles darlini itshintsha ngokuchasana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
UTennessen kunye noogxa bakhe balandelelanisa ii-genome zeengcongconi ezili-1,094 ezivela kumazwe amathandathu (iBrazil, iColombia, iFrench Guiana, iGuyana, iPeru, kunye neVenezuela). Bafumene utshintsho oluphindaphindayo lwe-genetic kumaqela angabamelwane, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwefestile ye-150-kb equka ii-genes ezintandathu ezifaka i-cytochrome P450. Utshintsho kwi-genes ze-P450 lunxulunyaniswa nokuchasana ne-pyrethroid insecticides, njengoko kubonwe kwi-Anopheles funestus kunye ne-Anopheles gambiae kwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara.
Fumana amava okucaca okungenakuthelekiswa nanto ngeqonga elinye elidibanisa idatha eyahlukileyo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nolwazi lweengcali.
Ababhali baphinde bachonga olu tshintsho lukhethwa kakhulu njenge-polymorphism kwi-CYP6AA1 gene, apho i-allele enye ifaka i-threonine kwindawo engama-283, kwaye enye ifaka i-lysine. Ukuvavanya ukuba le polymorphism inika ukumelana nezinambuzane kwiingcongconi, abaphandi babambe ii-Anopheles darlingi zasendle ezili-16 baza bazinyanga nge-deltamethrin. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iingcongconi ezithwala i-threonine-lysine polymorphism zasinda ixesha elide kakhulu kunezo zi-homozygous kwi-threonine okanye i-homozygous kwi-lysine. Ke ngoko, inani le-Anopheles darlingi okwangoku likhethwa kwiinguqu eziphucula ukumelana kwazo ne-deltamethrin.
Ngokutsho kwe-“World Malaria Report 2025” ye-World Health Organization (WHO), amatyala emalariya eMelika anyuke nge-15.7% phakathi kowama-2015 nowama-2024, apho iVenezuela, iBrazil, neColombia zibanga i-75% yala matyala. Iingcali zezifo ezibangelwa yi-Epidemiology kwi-GlobalData ziqikelela ukuba ngo-2026, iBrazil iya kuba namatyala emalariya aqinisekisiweyo angaphezu kwe-160,000 kunye namatyala amatsha angaphezu kwe-1.6 yezigidi.
Isitshixo sokuphelisa imalariya sikwindlela yokulawula iintsholongwane. Iingcongconi zohlobo lwe-Anopheles africanus ziye zakwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ezibangela i-pyrethroid, kwaye olu xhathiso lubonakala lutshintsha ngokuzimeleyo kwiingcongconi zohlobo lwe-Anopheles dulcis. Njengoko uxinzelelo lokuzivelela luqhubeka nokuqhuba ukumelana neengcongconi, ulawulo lwamanani eengcongconi luya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye ukupheliswa kwemalariya kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kubekwe phambili ezinye iindlela zokulawula iingcongconi kunye nezifo.
Fumana amava okucaca okungenakuthelekiswa nanto ngeqonga elinye elidibanisa idatha eyahlukileyo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nolwazi lweengcali.
Nceda ujonge uMgaqo-nkqubo wethu waBucala ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenkonzo zethu, kuquka indlela esisebenzisa ngayo, esizicwangcisa ngayo, nesabelana ngayo ngedatha yakho yobuqu, amalungelo akho malunga nedatha yakho yobuqu, kunye nendlela yokuzikhupha kunxibelelwano lwentengiso lwexesha elizayo. Iinkonzo zethu zijolise kubasebenzisi beshishini, kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba idilesi ye-imeyile oyinikezelayo yidilesi yakho ye-imeyile yeshishini.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2026
