Kutshanje, iBhunga leSizwe likhuphe "iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seKhabhoni kwiXesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-15" (esibizwa ngokuba "yiSicwangciso sokuSebenza"), senza amalungiselelo omsebenzi wokuSebenza kweKhabhoni ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-15.
“Isicwangciso Sokusebenza” sithi ngo-2030, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside eTshayina ngeyunithi nganye ye-GDP kuya kuncitshiswa nge-17% xa kuthelekiswa no-2025, kwaye umlinganiselo wamandla angasetyenziswanga kwi-fossil uya kufikelela kwi-25%.Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwenjongo yokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni, kubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sokufezekisa iinjongo zesizwe zokuzibophelela ngo-2035 kunye nokukhuthaza ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
"Isicwangciso sokuSebenza" simisele imisebenzi emihlanu ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, sijolise ekukhawuleziseni ukwenziwa ngcono kwesakhiwo samandla kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla angengoweefosili, ukuphucula amandla enkqubo yamandla ukuze ivumelane namandla amatsha, ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukutshintshwa okucocekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle, kunye nokuphucula rhoqo isakhiwo sokusebenzisa ioyile negesi. Okwesibini, sigxile ekukhuthazeni utshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwimizi-mveliso, ukukhuthaza utshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwimizi-mveliso, ukwenza ulondolozo lwamandla kunye nokuhlaziywa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwimizi-mveliso yendabuko, ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweepaki zekhabhoni ezingenanto kunye neefektri zekhabhoni ezingenanto, ukukhuthaza utshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwizakhiwo zekhompyutha, kunye nokusebenzisa indima yoqoqosho olujikelezayo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.Okwesithathu, kwandisa utshintsho oluluhlaza nolusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo,ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwicandelo lokwakha kunye namaziko karhulumente, ukukhawulezisa utshintsho oluphantsi kwekhabhoni kwicandelo lezothutho, kunye nokudibanisa nokuphucula amandla okuntywila ikhabhoni kwiindawo eziphilayo. Okwesine, iqinisa inkxaso kunye neziqinisekiso, iphucula isakhelo sezomthetho nesolawulo, igqibelelisa izibalo zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nenkqubo yokubala, iqinisa inkxaso yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nokulima italente, iphucula inkxaso yemali, iphucula imigaqo-nkqubo yamaxabiso, kwaye iseka iindlela zemarike. Okwesihlanu, idibanisa imizamo yawo onke amaqela, icacisa uxanduva lwasekuhlaleni, iqalise izenzo zoluntu eziluhlaza neziphantsi kwekhabhoni, kwaye iqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe eluhlaza neziphantsi kwekhabhoni.
"Isicwangciso sokuSebenza" sikwachaza uthotho lweeprojekthi eziphambili, kuquka uncedo phakathi kwamaphondo ngamandla, ukutshintshwa kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle ngendlela ecocekileyo, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kumashishini aphambili, ukufudumeza nokupholisa ikhabhoni ephantsi kunye nekhabhoni engenakhabhoni, ukwakhiwa kweepaseji zothutho ezingenakhabhoni, kunye nokuphucula amandla esiseko sencochoyi yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Isicwangciso seNtshukumo yeKhabhoni esibizwa ngokuba yi-“15-15″
Ixesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14" linqanaba elibalulekileyo nelinzima lokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni. Ukuze kuphunyezwe izigqibo kunye namalungiselelo eKomiti ePhakathi yeQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina kunye neBhunga leSizwe, kunye nokukhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo nangokuzinzileyo kunye nokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni, kunye nokukhawulezisa utshintsho olupheleleyo oluluhlaza lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho nentlalo, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo ezifana neKhowudi yoMthetho woKhuseleko lweNdalo kunye "neMilinganiselo yoVavanyo oluBanzi kunye noVavanyo lweNcopho yeKhabhoni kunye nokungathathi cala kweKhabhoni", esi sicwangciso senziwe.
I. Ukukhawulezisa Ukuphuculwa Kolwakhiwo Lwamandla
(1) Khuthaza ngamandla uphuhliso lwamandla angengowe-fossil. Landela indibaniselwano yamandla amaninzi omoya, ilanga, amanzi, kunye namandla enyukliya, kwaye uphuhlise amandla amatsha ngamandla. Lungelelanisa ulwakhiwo lophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaye uqinisekise ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Yandisa ukunikezelwa okusebenzayo kwamandla angengowe-fossil. Yakha iziseko zamandla acocekileyo ezifana namandla omoya kunye ne-photovoltaic "kuMntla-ntshona naseMantla-mpuma", ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi kunye nomoya kunye nelanga kumzantsi-ntshona, amandla enyukliya onxweme, kunye namandla omoya olwandle. Khulisa ngenkuthalo amandla omoya asasazwayo kunye nalawo asezantsi, khuthaza uphuhliso olukhulu lwamandla elanga agxininisiweyo, ukuveliswa kwamandla olwandle, kwaye usebenzise amandla e-biomass kunye namandla e-geothermal ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni. Beka kwaye wakhe iziseko ezidibeneyo zomoya, ilanga, i-hydrogen, i-ammonia, kunye notywala. Khawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kombane omtsha ngombane omtsha wamandla acocekileyo. Ngowama-2030, amandla apheleleyo omoya kunye namandla elanga afakiweyo aya kufikelela kwii-kilowatts ezingaphezu kwe-2.8 yeebhiliyoni, amandla afakiweyo ombane wamanzi aqhelekileyo aya kufikelela kwii-kilowatts ezingama-410 ezigidi, kwaye amandla okusebenza kwamandla enyukliya aya kufikelela kwii-kilowatts ezili-110 ezigidi.
(2) Ukukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwamandla enkqubo yamandla okwamkela amandla amatsha. Ukuziqhelanisa nomkhwa wophuhliso lwamandla amatsha, ukuqinisa amandla enkqubo yamandla okwamkela, ukumisela, nokulawula amandla amatsha. Ukuphucula ukudluliselwa kwamandla aphesheya kwephondo naphesheya kwengingqi kunye nokukwazi ukuncedisana nokuncedisana, ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokudlulisela amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukwandisa amandla okudluliselwa kwamandla ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma ngaphezulu kwee-kilowatts ezingama-80 ezigidi, kunye nokukhuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zoncedo lwamandla aphesheya kwephondo. Xhasa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwindawo, ukuphuhlisa ngokukhutheleyo uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lwamandla aluhlaza, kunye nokufikelela kufutshane kwamandla amatsha kwiinethiwekhi zokusasaza ezongezelelweyo, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oludibeneyo lomthombo, igridi, umthwalo, kunye nokugcinwa. Ukwandisa rhoqo ubungakanani bezixhobo zohlengahlengiso kwinkqubo yamandla, ukunamathela kwizinto eziphambili kwindalo, ukuqhelaniswa kwemfuno, kunye noyilo oluphuculweyo, kunye nokwenza ukwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezipompiweyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni; ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhulu lokugcina amandla amatsha; ukuhlola amandla okulawula icala lemfuno, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwezityalo zamandla ezibonakalayo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisasazekileyo ezifana nemithwalo ehlengahlengiswayo kulawulo lwenkqubo. Cacisa kancinci kancinci umlinganiselo omiselweyo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kumashishini abalulekileyo asebenzisa amandla. Ngowama-2030, umthamo ofakiweyo wezikhululo zamandla zokugcina ezimpompiweyo uya kufikelela kwi-160 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, umthamo ofakiweyo wendawo yokugcina amandla entsha uya kuzama ukufikelela kwi-300 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, umthamo ophezulu wokulawula wesikhululo samandla esibonakalayo sesizwe uya kufikelela kwi-50 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, kwaye umthamo wokuphendula kwemfuno yamandla uya kufikelela kwi-5% yomthwalo ophezulu wombane.
(3) Khuthaza ngokunzulu ukutshintshwa okucocekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle. Lawula ngokufanelekileyo amandla afakiweyo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla kwizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle, khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle ukuze zixhase kwaye zilawule imithombo yamandla, kwaye zixhase ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla asebenzisa amalahle kunye namandla amatsha. Yenza utshintsho oluphantsi lwekhabhoni kwiiyunithi zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle, yenza utshintsho lokunciphisa ubushushu kwiiyunithi zamandla ezisebenzisa ubushushu kwimimandla esemantla phantsi kwengcamango yokungachaphazeli ubushushu, xhasa ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokugcina ubushushu kwizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa ubushushu. Qinisa uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle ezisebenzayo nezigcina amandla kunye nezixhobo zazo ezincedisayo. Ngokomthetho nangokuhambelana nemigaqo, susa kwaye uvale ngokupheleleyo iiyunithi zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle (kubandakanya iiyunithi ezizisebenzisayo) ezingahlangabezani nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle, ukhuseleko, kunye neemfuno zobudala. Khuthaza ngenkuthalo iiyunithi zamandla ezizisebenzisayo ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ekuchebeni igridi. Khuthaza utshintsho oluphantsi lwekhabhoni kwishishini leekhemikhali zamalahle, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimveliso nganye yeyunithi, kwaye uxhase uphuhliso lokudibanisa iiprojekthi zeekhemikhali zamalahle kunye nombane oluhlaza kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza. Khuthaza ngamandla ukutshintshwa okucocekileyo kweebhoyila ezisebenzisa amalahle kunye nee-oven zoshishino ezisebenzisa amalahle, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo iibhoyila ezisebenzisa amalahle ezinomthamo weetoni ezili-10 ngeyure okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe utshintshe iibhoyila ezincinci neziphakathi ezisebenzisa amalahle kumashishini ahlukeneyo. "Ishishini elinye, umgaqo-nkqubo omnye" ukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kunye nokunciphisa amashishini asebenzisa amalahle. Xhasa imimandla efanelekileyo ukuba iqalise ukutshintshwa kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle ngokulinganayo okanye okuncitshisiweyo kwiiprojekthi ezintsha ezingezizo "ezimbini eziphezulu".
(4) Qhubeka uphucula indlela osetyenziswa ngayo ioyile negesi. Khuthaza ngenkuthalo ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha aluhlaza afana ne-hydrogen ammonia alcohol eluhlaza, i-bio-diesel, kunye namafutha eenqwelo moya azinzileyo. Khuthaza ukutshintshwa kokusetyenziswa kweoyile yamakhemikhali, jonga ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen ammonia alcohol eluhlaza kwishishini leekhemikhali, kwaye ukhuthaze ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintshwa kweoyile yamandla emizi-mveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu. Khokela ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo ukuze kuhlale kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, nika phambili ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwegesi yasekhaya, khokela ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwegesi kumashishini aphambili kunye namashishini, kwaye wakhe izityalo zamandla ezifikelela phezulu kwigesi yendalo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni. Qinisa ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zeoyile negesi kuzo zonke iindlela zokuvelisa nokusetyenziswa, phucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zeoyile negesi.
II. Ukukhuthaza uPhuhliso lweShishini oluLungileyo noluneKhabhoni ephantsi
(5) Khuthaza utshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwisakhiwo semizi-mveliso. Ngokuthe ngcembe nangocwangco phumeza isisombululo sokungqubana kwezakhiwo kumashishini aphambili, kwaye ngokusemthethweni nangokuhambelana nemigaqo, susa amandla emveliso nezixhobo ezibuyela umva nezingasebenzi kakuhle. Yomeleza ulawulo olusemgangathweni lwamandla emveliso yesamente. Lawula ngempumelelo iiprojekthi "zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu", yomeleza ulawulo lomthombo, yenza ngokungqongqo ulondolozo lwamandla kunye nophononongo lokunciphisa ikhabhoni, kwaye usebenzise iimfuno zokulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okanye ukutshintshwa kokunciphisa kwiiprojekthi zoshishino ezintsha (ukuhlaziywa, ukwandiswa) "zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu". Khawulezisa uphuhliso lwamandla aluhlaza, imveliso eluhlaza, kunye neenkonzo eziluhlaza kunye nezinye izimboni eziluhlaza kunye nezinekhabhoni ephantsi, ngokuqhubekayo phucula iingenelo zokhuphiswano lwamandla amatsha, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, amandla ebhetri, njl. njl., kwaye ukhulise izimboni ze-hydrogen, ipetroli eluhlaza, njl. njl. Xhasa uphuhliso lwamashishini eenkonzo zolawulo lwekhabhoni, ukhuthaze iimodeli zolawulo lomntu wesithathu ezifana nolawulo lwamandla esivumelwano, kwaye ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nobukrelekrele kuphuhliso oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi.
(6) Yenza ulondolozo lwamandla kunye nohlaziyo lokunciphisa ikhabhoni kumashishini emveli. Gxila kwizixhobo eziphambili ezisebenzisa amandla, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo kumashishini aphambili, usebenzise ngokupheleleyo ulondolozo lwamandla kunye nohlaziyo lokunciphisa ikhabhoni, ukhuthaze ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zokonga amandla kunye nezixhobo zekhabhoni ephantsi, uqinise uphuhliso lweenkqubo zekhabhoni ephantsi kunye notshintsho lwedijithali, kwaye uphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba okukhupha ikhabhoni. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lokulondolozwa kwamandla, ukuphucula indlela yokuxilonga ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiindawo eziphambili. Ngexesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14", ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside ngeyunithi nganye yexabiso elongeziweyo lemizi-mveliso emikhulu kuya kuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-17%, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi nganye yexabiso elongeziweyo lemizi-mveliso kuya kuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-10%, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi nganye ye-GDP kuya kuncitshiswa malunga ne-10%, kwaye amandla okonga amandla angaphezu kwe-150 yezigidi zeetoni zamalahle aqhelekileyo aya kufezekiswa ngokulondolozwa kwamandla kunye nokuhlaziywa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kumashishini aphambili.
(7) Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kweepaki ze-zero-carbon kunye neefektri ze-zero-carbon. Umgangatho ophezulu ukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweepaki zesizwe ze-zero-carbon, ukukhupha izikhokelo zokwakhiwa kweepaki ze-zero-carbon, ukuxhasa iindawo zokwenza uhlaziyo lwe-zero-carbon kunye ne-zero-carbon kwiipaki ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni. Khokela iiprojekthi ezintsha ukuze kubekwe phambili ukuhlanganiswa kweepaki ze-zero-carbon, ukukhawulezisa ukwenziwa kweqela lemizi-mveliso "eluhlaza ngokusekelwe kumaqela emizi-mveliso eluhlaza", ukukhuthaza imithwalo ekhoyo kwiipaki ze-zero-carbon ukudibanisa ngqo umbane oluhlaza, ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nobokufudumeza obuphantsi kunye neemodeli ezintsha. Khuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweefektri ze-zero-carbon, ukuxhasa amashishini afanelekileyo emizi-mveliso ukuba enze uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lombane oluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ngokubambisana ukwakhiwa nokusetyenziswa kweegridi ezincinci eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaziko olawulo lwamandla edijithali kunye nekhabhoni, kunye nokuzama ukuphucula inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwindawo. Ngexesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14", kuya kwakhiwa malunga neepaki zesizwe ze-zero-carbon ezili-100 kunye neefektri ze-zero-carbon ezingama-500.
(8) Ukukhuthaza utshintsho oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi kwezixhobo zekhompyutha. Ukuqinisa ulwakhiwo oludibeneyo lwezixhobo zekhompyutha ngamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuxhasa ukunikezelwa kombane oluhlaza, ukumisela ngokufanelekileyo ukugcinwa kwamandla, imithombo yamandla egciniweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezixhasayo, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kombane wamandla angengoweefosili kwizixhobo zekhompyutha ezisandula ukwakhiwa. Ukuphucula imigangatho yokulondolozwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwizixhobo zekhompyutha, ukukhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuhlaziywa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwezixhobo zekhompyutha ezingathobeli mithetho, ukususa ngocwangco ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwizixhobo zekhompyutha. Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha eziluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha ezingenanto.
(9) Dlala indima yoqoqosho olujikelezayo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Khuthaza ngamandla imodeli yemveliso ejikelezayo yezixhobo, uqinise ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwenkunkuma, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo zamanzi, kwaye ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka, igesi emdaka, ulwelo lwenkunkuma, kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma. Khawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwenethiwekhi yokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma, khuthaza imodeli yokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-"Internet +", kwaye ulungise iindlela "zokutshintshana + zokuphinda kusetyenziswe". Qinisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okucokisekileyo kweemveliso zombane neze-elektroniki zenkunkuma, iibhetri zenkunkuma, izixhobo zomoya eziphelelwe lixesha kunye nezixhobo ze-photovoltaic, izithuthi ezilahliweyo, kunye noomatshini bezolimo abalahliweyo, wandise iindlela zokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwenkunkuma eqinileyo efana nothuthu oluphumayo, i-gangue yamalahle, iintsalela zezolimo, kunye nomgquba wemfuyo, ukhawulezise ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha nephantsi kwekhabhoni kunye neemodeli ezintsha. Khuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kweefektri ze-zero-carbon, uxhase amashishini afanelekileyo oshishino ukuba enze uqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lombane oluhlaza, ukhuthaze ngokubambisana ukwakhiwa nokusetyenziswa kweegridi ezincinci ze-green green zoshishino, amaziko olawulo lwamandla edijithali kunye nekhabhoni, kwaye uzame ukuphucula indima exhasayo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo kukhuseleko lwezixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2026
