Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-Ethephon

Xa kufikwa kui-ethephon, into yokuqala efika ezingqondweni zabantu kukuba sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni ukukhula kwezityalo, esinomsebenzi wokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo, ukubola nokwaluphala. Enyanisweni, esi sisiphumo esinye kuphela saso. Zininzi ezinye iziphumo zaso? Namhlanje, masithethe ngeendlela ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwaso.

I-Ethephon ifunxwa lula zizityalo kwaye kancinci kancinci ikhupha i-ethylene emzimbeni wesityalo, iphucula umsebenzi we-peroxidase wesityalo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ulawulo lwe-apical kunye nokwandisa ama-tiller asebenzayo, okwenza isityalo sibe sifutshane kwaye somelele, kwaye sithintele ukuba singawi; inokwenza izityalo zingazali, isiphumo sangaphambili, ikhuthaze ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo kwangoko nangokulinganayo; ikwanefuthe lokubangela ukuba umqhaphu ulahle amagqabi kunye nemithi yeti ilahle amahlumela; ingasetyenziswa njengearhente yokuvuthwa kweziqhamo.

I. Ukukhuthaza Ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo

Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yendalo yokuvuthwa kweziqhamo, i-ethylene iyaveliswa. I-ethylene inokulawula uthotho lwemisebenzi efana nee-enzymes, ii-nucleic acids, kunye ne-metabolism yokuphefumla kwiziqhamo, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Xa isisombululo se-ethylene singena emzimbeni wesityalo, siya kukhupha i-ethylene ngamanani ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso le-pH yeseli, okukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo.

1. Iindlela zokunyanga iitumato:

(1) Indlela yokumanzisa imbewu: Khetha iitumato eziluhlaza nezivuthiweyo xa sele zivuthiwe uze uzifake kwi-ethylene engama-1500 ppm malunga nomzuzu omnye. Zikhuphe, zikhuphe amanzi, uze uzibeke kwiingobozi ze-bamboo, kwiibhedi ezifudumeleyo, okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Lawula ubushushu obungama-22-25℃. Emva kweentsuku ezi-2-3, uninzi lweziqhamo luya kuba bomvu.

(2) Indlela yokugquma iziqhamo: Emva kokuba iitumato zingene kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa, isiqingatha senyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa, sebenzisa iibhola zekotoni, iibrashi, njl.njl. ukuntywila isisombululo se-ethylene esingu-2000-3000 ppm kwiziqhamo, okanye sebenzisa i-gauze, iiglavu ze-gauze, njl.njl. ukusula iziqhamo. Oku kunokwenza iziqhamo zivuthwe kwiintsuku ezi-6-8 ngaphambi kwexesha, kwandisa isivuno seziqhamo ezibomvu kwangoko, kwaye ukuvuthwa okubomvu kunye nomgangatho kungcono. Xa ugquma iziqhamo, kuphela uninzi lwe-epidermis okanye umphezulu weziqhamo ekufuneka ugqunywe, kuba emva konyango lwe-ethylene, inokujikeleza ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo, nokuba ezinye iindawo azigqunywanga ngokupheleleyo, isiqhamo sonke siya kuvuthwa. Olu nyango lunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye lugcine abasebenzi.

(3) Indlela yokutshiza iziqhamo: Ukukhuthaza ukungena kwasekuqaleni kwimarike yeetumato zasentwasahlobo nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ngexesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo zokuqala nezesibini, sebenzisa isisombululo se-ethylene esingu-800-1000 ppm ngqo ukutshiza iziqhamo, esinokukhawulezisa ukuba bomvu kwaye zivuthwe kwiintsuku ezi-5-7 ngaphambili, nto leyo eyonyusa isivuno sasekuqaleni. Xa utshiza iziqhamo, zama ukuphepha ukutshiza isisombululo kwiziqu namagqabi.

(4) Indlela yokutshiza isityalo: Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiitumato ezivunwa kube kanye. Ilula kwaye ilula, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo ixesha lokutshiza kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokubanzi, xa uninzi lweziqhamo lujike lwaba bomvu kwaye kusekho ezinye iziqhamo eziluhlaza, ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuvuthwa kwezi ziqhamo, sebenzisa isisombululo se-ethylene se-1000 ppm ukutshiza isityalo sonke. Ngale ndlela, izilayi zetamatato ziya kuba tyheli ngokukhawuleza, iziqhamo eziluhlaza ziya kuvuthwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umlinganiselo weziqhamo ezibomvu ezivuthiweyo uya kwanda kakhulu ngexesha lokuvuna. Ukuba i-ethylene itshizwa kwisityalo ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuvuthwa, inokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa okubomvu ngeentsuku ezi-5-6, kodwa uxinzelelo kufuneka lube ngaphantsi, kungcono ukuba yi-500-1000 milligrams ngelitha. Ngaphandle koko, kulula ukubangela amagqabi atyheli kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi.

2. Ipepile: Xa ulusu lwesiqhamo lutshintsha umbala, sebenzisa i-1000-4000 milligrams ngelitha ye-ethylene ukumanzisa iziqhamo, nto leyo enokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunye nokutshintsha kombala. Ungatshiza ne-1000 milligrams ngelitha ye-ethylene entsimini ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa, kodwa inokubangela ukuwa kwamagqabi.

3. I-Watermelon: Ngaphambi kokuba isiqhamo sikhule ngokupheleleyo kodwa singavuthwa, fafaza i-ethylene engama-300-500 milligrams ngelitha nganye kwiziqhamo, nto leyo enokwenza iziqhamo zivuthwe kwiintsuku ezi-5-7 ngaphambili. Ekubeni iziqhamo ze-watermelon zikhulu, ukutshiza isisombululo kwiziqhamo kuphela akudli ngokubangela ingozi kwizityalo.

4. Ukuvuthwa kweediliya: Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba kwiintlobo ezifana neenyosi ezinkulu, xa isiqhamo siqala ukuvuthwa, fafaza okanye ucwilise i-250-300 milligrams ngekhilogram nganye ye-ethylene kwiiqoqo zeziqhamo, ezinokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa ngeentsuku ezi-6-8, kwaye zingatyiwa ngosuku lwesihlanu emva kokutshiza.

Xa usebenzisa i-ethylene ukuvuthwa kweediliya, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe:

① Uxinzelelo kufuneka lube lolufanelekileyo. Ukuba uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, isiphumo asizukucaca. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uxinzelelo lungaphezulu kwe-500 milligrams ngekhilogram, kusenokwenzeka ukuba lubangele ukuwa kweziqhamo.

② Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunyanga kuxa isiqhamo siqala ukuvuthwa. Kwiintlobo ezinemibala, umbala uqala ukuvela, kwaye kwiintlobo ezimhlophe, amaqela eziqhamo ajika abe tyheli kancinci. Eli lelona xesha lisebenzayo lokunyanga.

③ Uxinaniso olufanelekileyo lokuvuthwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo luyahluka. Kwimveliso, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo ukuze kuchongwe uxinaniso lonyango kunye nendlela.

④ Ekubeni i-ethylene inefuthe lokukhuthaza ukwakheka kweeleya zokuqunjelwa, ukusebenzisa i-ethylene yodwa ukuvuthwa kweediliya kudla ngokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweziqhamo, okwenza amaqela eediliya angamelani nokugcinwa nokuthuthwa. Ukunciphisa esi siphumo esibi, i-10-20 milligrams ngekhilogram ye-tributyrin okanye i-10-15 milligrams ngekhilogram ye-2,4,5-T ingongezwa xa kusetyenziswa i-ethylene, enefuthe elihle ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka kweziqhamo.

II. Ukukhuthaza Ukwahluka Kweentyatyambo Zabasetyhini

Izityalo zemifuno yeCucurbit zizityalo ezikhula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezineentyatyambo zesilisa nezesifazane. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlulahlula iintyatyambo zesilisa nezesifazane, ukongeza kwizinto eziphambili zokubonakaliswa kwe-genotype, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eehomoni anokuchaphazela ukwahluka kwesini. Xa amahlumela eentyatyambo zemifuno yeCucurbit engahlulwahlulwanga, ukuwanyanga nge-ethephon kunokunyusa kakhulu inani leentyatyambo zesifazane. Ngokubanzi, i-150 milligrams ngelitha ye-ethephon itshizwa phezu kwegqabi izihlandlo ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 kumagqabi oku-1 ukuya kwelesi-5 ekhukhamba, amagqabi oku-1 ukuya kwelesi-4 ethanga, kunye negqabi lesi-2 lekhabe. Kumagqabi oku-1 ukuya kwelesi-3 ekhukhamba, ukutshiza i-50 ukuya kwi-250 milligrams ngelitha ye-ethephon izihlandlo ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 kunokuba nefuthe lokubulala isini kwaye kudla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imbewu yekhukhamba.

III. Ukukhuthaza ukufuywa kwezityalo

Ukutshiza i-240-960 milligrams ngelitha nganye ye-ethephon kwi-1-4 yamagqabi ekhaphetshu, iseleri, umnqathe, iradish, i-eggplant, itamatisi, kunye nethanga kuya kuyicothisa isantya sokukhula kwezityalo kwaye kubangele ukuba ziyeke ukukhula. Kuyaphula ukungakhuli kwesityalo. I-Ethephon inefuthe lokuphula ukungakhuli kwaye ikhuthaze ukuhluma. Umzekelo, ukuntywila iitapile kwi-50-200 milligrams ngelitha nganye ye-ethephon kunokunyusa inani lamahlumela, kwaye ukunyanga ijinja kunokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwayo kwaye kwandise amasebe ayo.

Ulawulo lwekotoni:I-IBA+ DA-6 + ethephon ifinyeziwe njenge-EBH. Ifom yayo yi-30% kunye ne-40% yesisombululo samanzi, ixutywe izihlandlo ezili-1500 ukuze isetyenziswe, kunye nomthamo we-20-30 ml nge-mu. Yindlela yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo edume kakhulu ekulawuleni ubude besityalo sekotoni kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye ikwayindlela yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo ekulawuleni ubude bezityalo zombona.