I-Florfenicol, i-thiamphenicol eyenziwe nge-monofluorinated derivative, sisiyobisi esitsha se-chloramphenicol esilwa neentsholongwane esisetyenziswa kwizilwanyana, esaphuhliswa ngempumelelo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980.
Kwimeko yezifo ezixhaphakileyo, iifama ezininzi zeehagu zisebenzisa i-florfenicol rhoqo ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga izifo zeehagu. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo, nokuba leliphi iqela okanye inqanaba, abanye abalimi basebenzisa i-florfenicol enomlinganiselo ophezulu ukunyanga okanye ukuthintela isifo. I-Florfenicol ayisiyonto yokunyanga. Kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukufezekisa isiphumo esifunekayo. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwingqiqo eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-florfenicol, ngethemba lokunceda wonke umntu:
1. Iimpawu ze-florfenicol zokulwa neentsholongwane
(1) I-Florfenicol liyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane elinoluhlu olubanzi lweentsholongwane ezilwa neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zeGram-positive kunye ne-negative kunye ne-mycoplasma. Iintsholongwane ezinobuzaza ziquka i-bovine kunye ne-porcine Haemophilus, i-Shigella dysenteriae, i-Salmonella, i-Escherichia coli, i-Pneumococcus, i-Influenza bacillus, i-Streptococcus, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Chlamydia, i-Leptospira, i-Rickettsia, njl. njl. isiphumo esingcono sokuthintela.
(2) Uvavanyo lwe-in vitro kunye ne-in vivo lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wayo wokulwa neentsholongwane ungcono kakhulu kunoweziyobisi zangoku zokulwa neentsholongwane, ezifana ne-thiamphenicol, i-oxytetracycline, i-tetracycline, i-ampicillin kunye ne-quinolones ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku.
(3) I-florfenicol esebenza ngokukhawuleza, inokufikelela kuxinzelelo lonyango egazini iyure e-1 emva kokufakwa kwi-intramuscular, kwaye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweyeza lunokufikelela kwiiyure eziyi-1.5-3; uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lweyeza egazini olusebenza ixesha elide lunokugcinwa iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-20 emva kokufakwa kanye.
(4) Ingangena kumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, kwaye isiphumo sayo sonyango kwi-meningitis yebhaktiriya yezilwanyana asifani nesezinye iziyobisi zokulwa neentsholongwane.
(5) Ayinazo iityhefu okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga xa isetyenziswa ngomlinganiselo ocetyiswayo, iyoyisa ingozi ye-aplastic anemia kunye nobunye ubuthi obubangelwa yi-thiamphenicol, kwaye ayizukubangela monakalo kwizilwanyana nasekutyeni. Isetyenziselwa usulelo lwamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba olubangelwa ziintsholongwane kwizilwanyana. Unyango lweehagu, kubandakanya ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga izifo zokuphefumla zebhaktheriya, i-meningitis, i-pleurisy, i-mastitis, usulelo lwamathumbu kunye nesifo se-postpartum syndrome kwiihagu.
2. Iintsholongwane ezisengozini ye-florfenicol kunye nesifo seengulube esithandwayo se-florfenicol
(1) Izifo zeehagu apho i-florfenicol ikhethwa khona
Le mveliso iyacetyiswa njengeyeza elikhethwayo kwi-pig pneumonia, i-porcine infectious pleuropneumonia kunye nesifo se-Haemophilus parasuis, ingakumbi kunyango lweebhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo kwi-fluoroquinolones kunye nezinye ii-antibiotics.
(2) I-Florfenicol ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zehagu ezilandelayo
Ingasetyenziselwa nokunyanga izifo zokuphefumla ezibangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeStreptococcus (pneumonia), iBordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), iMycoplasma pneumoniae (i-swine asthma), njl.njl.; isalmonellosis (i-piglet paratyphoid), i-colibacillosis (i-piglet asthma) Izifo zendlela yokugaya ukutya ezifana ne-enteritis ebangelwa lurhudo olutyheli, urhudo olumhlophe, isifo se-piglet edema) kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezinobuthathaka. I-Florfenicol ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwezi zifo zehagu, kodwa ayisiyo iyeza elikhethwayo kwezi zifo zehagu, ngoko ke kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwe-florfenicol
(1) Idosi inkulu kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu. Ezinye iidosi zokutya ezixutyiweyo zifikelela kwi-400 mg/kg, kwaye iidosi zenaliti zifikelela kwi-40-100 mg/kg, okanye ngaphezulu. Ezinye zincinci njenge-8~15mg/kg. Iidosi ezinkulu ziyingozi, kwaye iidosi ezincinci azisebenzi.
(2) Ixesha lide kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuthintelwa.
(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nezigaba akulunganga. Iimazi ezikhulelweyo kunye neehagu ezityebileyo zisebenzisa amayeza anjalo ngokungakhethiyo, okubangela ityhefu okanye iintsalela zamayeza, okubangela imveliso nokutya okungakhuselekanga.
(4) Ukuhambelana okungafanelekanga. Abanye abantu badla ngokusebenzisa i-florfenicol xa beyidibanisa ne-sulfonamides kunye ne-cephalosporins. Kubalulekile ukuphonononga ukuba ingaba ingokwesayensi kwaye ifanelekile na.
(5) Ukutya okuxutyiweyo kunye nokunikezelwa akuxutywanga ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabikho mpembelelo yamayeza okanye ityhefu yeziyobisi.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwezilumkiso ze-florfenicol
(1) Le mveliso akufuneki idityaniswe nee-macrolides (ezifana ne-tylosin, i-erythromycin, i-roxithromycin, i-tilmicosin, i-guitarmycin, i-azithromycin, i-clarithromycin, njl.njl.), i-lincosamide (Efana ne-lincomycin, i-clindamycin) kunye nee-antibiotics ze-diterpenoid semi-synthetic - indibaniselwano ye-Tiamulin, xa idityanisiwe inokuvelisa isiphumo sokuchasana.
(2) Le mveliso ayinakusetyenziswa kunye ne-β-lactone amines (ezifana ne-penicillins, i-cephalosporins) kunye ne-fluoroquinolones (ezifana ne-enrofloxacin, i-ciprofloxacin, njl.njl.), kuba le mveliso ithintela iproteni yebhaktiriya. I-arhente yebhaktiriya esebenza ngokukhawuleza, le yokugqibela yi-bactericide esebenza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuzalisa. Phantsi kwesenzo se-yangaphambili, ukwenziwa kweproteni yebhaktiriya kuyathintelwa ngokukhawuleza, iibhaktiriya ziyayeka ukukhula nokwanda, kwaye isiphumo se-bactericidal sale yokugqibela siyabuthathaka. Ke ngoko, xa unyango lufuna ukuba nesiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza, alunakusetyenziswa kunye.
(3) Le mveliso ayinakuxutywa ne-sulfadiazine sodium ukuze ijojwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Akufanele isetyenziswe kunye namayeza e-alkaline xa ijojwa ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo, ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola nokungaphumeleli. Ayifanelekanga ukuba ijojwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo kunye ne-tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, njl.njl., ukuze kuthintelwe ukuna kwemvula kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle.
(4) Ukuwohloka kwemisipha kunye nokudumba kwemisipha kunokubangelwa emva kokufakwa kwi-intramuscular injection. Ke ngoko, ingafakwa ngokutshintshana kwimisipha enzulu yentamo kunye neempundu, kwaye akucetyiswa ukuba kuphindwe injection kwindawo enye.
(5) Ngenxa yokuba le mveliso inokuba netyhefu kwi-embryonic toxicity, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo kwiimazi ezikhulelweyo nezincancisayo.
(6) Xa ubushushu bomzimba weehagu ezigulayo buphezulu, bungasetyenziswa kunye ne-antipyretic analgesics kunye ne-dexamethasone, kwaye umphumo uba ngcono.
(7) Ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni isifo sokuphefumla seengulube (i-PRDC), abanye abantu bacebisa ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-florfenicol kunye ne-amoxicillin, i-florfenicol kunye ne-tylosin, kunye ne-florfenicol kunye ne-tylosin. Kufanelekile, kuba ngokwembono yezonyango, ezi zimbini azinakusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-florfenicol ingasetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-tetracyclines ezifana ne-doxycycline.
(8) Le mveliso inetyhefu ye-hematological. Nangona ingenakubangela i-bone marrow aplastic anemia engenakulungiseka, ukuthintelwa kwe-erythropoiesis okubangelwa yiyo kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokwe-chloramphenicol (ekhubazekileyo). Ayivumelekanga ngexesha lokugonywa okanye kwizilwanyana ezine-immunodeficiency enzima.
(9) Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunokubangela iingxaki zokugaya ukutya kunye nokungabikho kweevithamini okanye iimpawu zosulelo olukhulu.
(10) Ekuthinteleni nasekunyangweni kwesifo seehagu, kufuneka kuthathwe ingqalelo, kwaye iyeza kufuneka linikwe ngokwemilinganiselo emiselweyo kunye nendlela yonyango, kwaye akufuneki lisetyenziswe gwenxa ukuze kuthintelwe imiphumo emibi.
(11) Kwizilwanyana ezinengxaki yezintso, idosi mayincitshiswe okanye ixesha lokusetyenziswa lide landiswe.
(12) Kwimeko yobushushu obuphantsi, kufunyaniswa ukuba izinga lokunyibilika licotha; okanye isisombululo esilungisiweyo sine-florfenicol, kwaye kufuneka sifudunyezwe kancinci (kungabi ngaphezu kwama-45 ℃) ukuze sinyibilike ngokukhawuleza. Isisombululo esilungisiweyo singcono sisetyenziswe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-09-2022