Florfenicol, i-synthetic monofluorinated derivative of thiamphenicol, lichiza elitsha le-antibacterial ebanzi ye-chloramphenicol yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana, elaphuhliswa ngempumelelo ekupheleni kwe-1980s.
Kwimeko yezifo rhoqo, iifama ezininzi zeehagu zisebenzisa i-florfenicol rhoqo ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga izifo zehagu.Nokuba luhlobo luni lwesifo, nokuba leliphi na iqela okanye inqanaba, amanye amafama asebenzisa idosi ephezulu yeflorfenicol ukunyanga okanye ukuthintela izifo.I-Flofenicol ayikho i-panacea.Kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo.Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwingqondo eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweflorfenicol, ngethemba lokunceda wonke umntu:
1. Iimpawu ze-antibacterial ze-florfenicol
(1) I-Flofenicol liyeza le-antibiotic kunye ne-antibacterial spectrum ebanzi ngokuchasene ne-Gram-positive kunye ne-negative bacteria kunye ne-mycoplasma.Iibhaktheriya ezibuthathaka ziquka i-bovine kunye ne-porcine Haemophilus, i-Shigella dysenteriae, i-Salmonella, i-Escherichia coli, i-Pneumococcus, i-influenza bacillus, i-Streptococcus, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Chlamydia, i-Leptospira, i-Rickettsia, njl.
(2) Uvavanyo lwe-In vitro kunye ne-vivo lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi wayo wokulwa ne-antibacterial ungcono kakhulu kunoko lweziyobisi ezilwa ne-antibacterial zangoku, ezifana ne-thiamphenicol, i-oxytetracycline, i-tetracycline, i-ampicillin kunye ne-quinolones esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoku.
(3) Ukukhawuleza, i-florfenicol inokufikelela kwi-concentration yonyango kwi-1 iyure emva kwe-injection ye-intramuscular, kunye ne-peak concentration yeziyobisi inokufikelela kwiiyure ze-1.5-3;ixesha elide, ukuxinwa kweyeza legazi elisebenzayo kunokugcinwa ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-20 emva kolawulo olunye.
(4) Inokungena kumqobo wegazi-ingqondo, kwaye umphumo wayo wonyango kwi-meningitis yebhaktiriya yezilwanyana ayinakuthelekiswa namanye amachiza okulwa neentsholongwane.
(5) Ayinayo ityhefu kunye nemiphumo emibi xa isetyenziswe kwisixa esicetyiswayo, yoyisa ingozi ye-anemia ye-aplastic kunye nezinye ityhefu ebangelwa yi-thiamphenicol, kwaye ayiyi kubangela ingozi kwizilwanyana kunye nokutya.Isetyenziselwa usulelo lwamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba abangelwa ziibhaktheriya kwizilwanyana.Unyango lweehagu, kuquka uthintelo kunye nonyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane yokuphefumla, i-meningitis, i-pleurisy, i-mastitis, izifo zamathumbu kunye ne-postpartum syndrome kwiihagu.
2. Iibhaktheriya ezisesichengeni zeflorfenicol kunye nesifo sehagu esikhethwa yiflorfenicol
(1) Izifo zeehagu apho iflorfenicol ikhethwa khona
Le mveliso iyacetyiswa njengechiza elikhethiweyo lenyumoniya yehagu, i-porcine infectious pleuropneumonia kunye nesifo se-Haemophilus parasuis, ngakumbi kunyango lweebhaktheriya ezichasene ne-fluoroquinolones kunye nezinye izibulala-ntsholongwane.
(2) I-Flofenicol ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwezi zifo zehagu zilandelayo
Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa yi-Streptococcus (inyumoniya), i-Bordetella bronchiseptica (i-atrophic rhinitis), i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (i-asthma yehagu), njl.;i-salmonellosis (i-piglet paratyphoid), i-colibacillosis (i-piglet asthma) Izifo zomgudu wokugaya ukutya ezifana ne-enteritis ebangelwa lurhudo olutyheli, utyatyazo olumhlophe, isifo se-piglet edema) kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya ezibuthathaka.I-Flofenicol ingasetyenziselwa ukunyangwa kwezi zifo zehagu, kodwa akusiyo isilwanyana esikhethiweyo kwezi zifo zeehagu, ngoko kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kweflorfenicol
(1) Ithamo likhulu kakhulu okanye lincinci kakhulu.Ezinye iidosi zokutya ezixubileyo zifikelela kwi-400 mg / kg, kwaye iidosi zenaliti zifikelela kwi-40-100 mg / kg, okanye nangaphezulu.Ezinye zincinci njenge-8 ~ 15mg / kg.Iidosi ezinkulu zinetyhefu, kwaye iidosi ezincinci azisebenzi.
(2) Ixesha lide kakhulu.Usetyenziso lwexesha elide lwedosi ephezulu yamachiza ngaphandle kokuthintelwa.
(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nezigaba akulunganga.Iihagu ezikhulelweyo kunye neehagu ezityebileyo zisebenzisa amayeza anjalo ngokungakhethiyo, abangela ityhefu okanye iintsalela zeziyobisi, okukhokelela kwimveliso engakhuselekanga kunye nokutya.
(4) Ukungahambelani okungafanelekanga.Abanye abantu bahlala besebenzisa i-florfenicol ngokudibanisa ne-sulfonamides kunye ne-cephalosporins.Ukuba isayensi kwaye isengqiqweni kufanelekile ukuphononongwa.
(5) Ukutya okuxutyiweyo kunye nokulawulwa akuguquguquki ngokulinganayo, okubangela ukuba akukho siphumo samayeza okanye ityhefu yeziyobisi.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko eflorfenicol
(1) Le mveliso akufanele idibaniswe ne-macrolides (efana ne-tylosin, i-erythromycin, i-roxithromycin, i-tilmicosin, i-guitarmycin, i-azithromycin, i-clarithromycin, njl.), i-lincosamide (Efana ne-lincomycin, i-clindamycin) kunye ne-diterpenoid semi-synthetic indibaniselwano, i-Tiamulin indibaniselwano xa kudityanisiwe kunokuvelisa isiphumo esichasayo.
(2) Le mveliso ayinakusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-β-lactone amines (efana ne-penicillin, i-cephalosporins) kunye ne-fluoroquinolones (efana ne-enrofloxacin, i-ciprofloxacin, njl.), kuba le mveliso iyi-inhibitor ye-bacterial protein Synthetic esebenza ngokukhawuleza ye-bacteriostatic agent. , le yokugqibela yi-bactericide esebenza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuzala.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sangaphambili, i-bacterial protein synthesis iyanqandwa ngokukhawuleza, iibhaktheriya ziyeka ukukhula kunye nokuphindaphinda, kwaye umphumo we-bactericidal wokugqibela uyancipha.Ngoko ke, xa unyango lufuna ukusebenzisa impembelelo yokuvala inzala ngokukhawuleza, ayinakusetyenziswa kunye.
(3) Le mveliso ayinakuxutywa kunye ne-sulfadiazine sodium ye-injection ye-intramuscular.Akufanele isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa neziyobisi ze-alkaline xa zilawulwa ngomlomo okanye nge-intramuscularly, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukubola kunye nokungaphumeleli.Kwakhona akufanelekanga ukujova nge-intravenous nge-tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, i-adenosine triphosphate, i-coenzyme A, njl., ukuphepha imvula kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza.
(4) Ukuncipha kwemisipha kunye ne-necrosis inokubangelwa emva kwe-injection ye-intramuscular.Ngoko ke, inokuthi ifakwe ngokungafaniyo kwimisipha enzulu yentamo kunye neempundu, kwaye akucebisi ukuphinda i-injection kwindawo enye.
(5) Ngenxa yokuba le mveliso inokuba ne-embryotoxicity, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo kwiimazi ezikhulelweyo kunye nezanyisayo.
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(7) Ekukhuseleni kunye nokunyangwa kwe-porcine breathing syndrome (PRDC), abanye abantu batusa ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-florfenicol kunye ne-amoxicillin, i-florfenicol kunye ne-tylosin, kunye ne-florfenicol kunye ne-tylosin.Kufanelekile, kuba kumbono we-pharmacological, ezi zimbini azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, i-florfenicol ingasetyenziswa kunye ne-tetracyclines efana ne-doxycycline.
(8) Le mveliso inetyhefu ye-hematological.Nangona kungeke kubangele i-bone marrow aplastic anemia engenakuguquleka, inhibition ebuyiselwayo ye-erythropoiesis ebangelwa yiyo ixhaphake kakhulu kune-chloramphenicol (ikhubazekile).Ichaswa kwixesha lokugonywa okanye izilwanyana ezinobuthathaka obunzima.
(9) Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokungabikho kweevithamini okanye iimpawu ze-superinfection.
(10) Kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwesifo sehagu, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye ichiza kufuneka lilawulwe ngokuhambelana nedosi emiselweyo kunye nekhosi yonyango, kwaye akufanele isetyenziswe kakubi ukuphepha iziphumo ezibi.
(11) Kwizilwanyana ezinokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, umthamo kufuneka uncitshiswe okanye ixesha lokulawula kufuneka landiswe.
(12) Kwimeko yokushisa okuphantsi, kufunyenwe ukuba izinga lokuchithwa licotha;okanye isisombululo esilungisiweyo sinemvula yeflorfenicol, kwaye ifuna ukufudumeza kancinane kuphela (ingabi ngaphezu kwama-45 ℃) ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza.Isisombululo esilungisiweyo sisetyenziswe kakuhle kwiiyure ezingama-48.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2022