Zeziphi izinambuzane ezinokuthi zilawulwe yiBacillus thuringiensis?

I-Bacillus thuringiensis, eyaziwa ngokuba yiBacillus thuringiensis var. popilliae, yintsholongwane efana nenduku. Ngexesha lokuzala kwayo, elinye icala lenza i-spore, ngaloo ndlela iba yintsholongwane eyenza i-spore, ngelixa elinye icala livelisa iiproteni zekristale. Ezi proteni zekristale zinefuthe elinamandla lokubulala izinambuzane, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran ezifana ne-cotton bollworm, i-small cabbage moth, i-diamondback moth, i-rice budworm, i-silkworm, i-pine caterpillar, i-tobacco budworm, i-corn borer, i-cotton bollworm, i-rice streaked stem borer, i-grass moth, kunye ne-ground beetle. Sisibulali-zinambuzane esincinci esiye saba ngumxholo wophando olunzulu, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngenxa yokuba inetyhefu ephantsi, inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye nefuthe elihle lokubulala izinambuzane, ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.

I. Iimpawu eziphambili zeI-Bacillus thuringiensis

1. Uluhlu olubanzi lweukulawulwa kwezinambuzanel: Iityhefu eziveliswa yiBacillus thuringiensis zinokulawula amakhulu ezinambuzane, ingakumbi ezisebenza kakhulu kwi-lepidopteran larvae. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni ii-capers zekhaphetshu, ii-cotton bollworms, ii-turnip night moths, ii-striped night moths, ii-sugar beet night moths, ii-small cabbage moth, ii-tobacco moth, isizukulwana sesibini se-rice stem borers, ii-corn borers, ii-tea caterpillars, ii-pine caterpillars, ii-tea moth, ii-bean moth, ii-corn sticky pests, ii-silver-winged night moths, kunye nee-moscuits, kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezifana nee-beetles, ii-snails, kunye nee-slugs.

2. Ukukhetha: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ihlasela ikakhulu izinambuzane ezine-alkaline emathunjini azo kwaye inefuthe elinamandla lokubulala. Ayinabungozi ebantwini, kwimfuyo, kwiinyosi, kwiintlanzi, kwiishrimp, kwiinkala nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

3. Uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwikotoni, amandongomane, iisoya, iitapile, irayisi, i-rape, iitumato, ii-eggplant, iipepile, iikhaphetshu, iikhaphetshu zaseTshayina, ikholifulawa, njl. imifuno, kunye ne-apile, imithi yepere, iidiliya, iiwalnuts, iziqhamo ze-citrus, ii-lychees, ii-kiwis, ii-longan, iimango, njl. imithi yeziqhamo, nakwizityalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neentyatyambo, amayeza aseTshayina, njl.

4. Akukho kuxhathisa: I-Bacillus thuringiensis luhlobo lwebhaktheriya eyenza ii-spore enokuvelisa iiproteni zekristale ze-sporulation kwaye isebenze ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwizinambuzane. Izinambuzane azinakukhula kuxhathisa. Nangona isetyenzisiwe amashumi eminyaka, isasebenza njenge-microbial inambuzane ebalaseleyo nanamhlanje.

5. Ukuhambelana kakuhle: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ihambelana kakuhle kwaye ingaxutywa nezibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza ezifana ne-methomyl, i-avermectin, kunye ne-indoxacarb, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokubambisana.

6. Akukho ngcoliseko oluvela kwiityhefu ezintlanu: I-Bacillus thuringiensis yintsholongwane efana nenduku engenabungozi ebantwini, kwiintlanzi, kwiinkala, kwiinkala, njl.njl., kwaye ayibangeli ngcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, iye yaba sisibulali-zinambuzane esithandwayo kwimveliso yezolimo eziluhlaza nezingenangcoliseko.

II. Iindlela Zokusebenzisa iBacillus thuringiensis

Ukulawula izinambuzane ezifana ne-sugar beet moth, i-small cabbage moth, kunye ne-cabbage catter caterpillar, ingasetyenziswa ngexesha le-larval xa izinambuzane zisencinci. Sebenzisa i-30-40 grams ye-2% ye-Avisept Bacillus thuringiensis umgubo omanzi kwi-acre nganye, uxutywe neekhilogram ezingama-30-40 zamanzi ukuze kutshizwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kunokubulala izinambuzane ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunefuthe elihlala ixesha elide ngokukhawuleza.

Ukulawula izinambuzane ezifana ne-light moth, i-rice budworm, i-pine caterpillar, i-corn borer, i-large moth, kunye ne-needle moth, sebenzisa iigram ezingama-25-35 ze-1% ye-Avisept Bacillus thuringiensis umgubo omanzi kwi-acre nganye, uxutywe neekhilogram ezingama-30 zamanzi ukuze kutshizwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kunokulawula ngokukhawuleza umonakalo ongakumbi obangelwa zizinambuzane.

III. Amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwiBacillus thuringiensis

1. Sebenzisa kwangaphambili: Njengebhaktheriya, xa isetyenziswa yodwa, isantya sokubulala sicotha kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kufuneka isetyenziswe kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvela kwezinambuzane ukuze kulawulwe ngcono umonakalo obangelwe zizinambuzane.

2. Sebenzisa emva kwemini: Ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla kunokubulala le ntsholongwane. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa le ntsholongwane, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngaphambi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa okanye emva kwentsimbi yesi-4 emva kwemini, kwaye iziphumo zingcono.

3. Sebenzisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu: I-Bacillus thuringiensis iyasebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Xa amaqondo obushushu edlula i-20℃, isiphumo siba ngcono.